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Med-Surge Quiz- week 2 ATI Exam Questions & Answers With Rationales

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Med-Surge Quiz- week 2 ATI Exam Questions & Answers-A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has metabolic acidosis. The nurse should realize that which of the following findings contri... butes to the development of metabolic acidosis? A) Diarrhea B) Vomiting C) hyperventilation D) Salicylate intoxication - Ans: A) Diarrhea Rational: Diarrhea can cause bicarbonate loss, which can contribute to the development of metabolic acidosis. B) Vomiting: Vomiting can cause acid loss, which can contribute to the development of metabolic alkalosis. C) Hyperventilation: Hyperventilation can cause carbon dioxide loss, which can contribute to the development of respiratory alkalosis. D) Salicylate intoxication: Salicylate intoxication can contribute to the development of respiratory alkalosis. A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who is taking a loop diuretic and notes the client's potassium level is 3.0 mEq/L. Which of the following physiological responses should the nurse expect related to the client's hypokalemia? A) Cardiac dysrhythmias B) Hypoglycemia C) Hyperreflexia D) Increased appetite - Ans: A) Cardiac dysrhythmias Rational: Low potassium levels affect cardiovascular function, causing ventricular dysrhythmias, ECG changes, and a weak, irregular pulse. B) Hypoglycemia: Low potassium levels do not cause hypoglycemia, although they can cause weakness and fatigue. C) Hyperreflexia: Low potassium levels cause decreased deep tendon reflexes, not hyperreflexia. D) Increased appetite Low potassium levels do not increase appetite. However, hypokalemia can cause nausea and vomiting. A nurse is planning to speak to a group of adolescents about toxic shock syndrome (TSS). The nurse include that TSS is commonly associated with which of the following? A) High-absorbency tampons B) Mosquito bites C) International travel D) Multiple sexual partners - Ans: A) High-absorbency tampons Rationale: TSS is a severe disease caused by a toxin made by Staphylococcus aureus and can lead to shock and multiple organ dysfunction. It most often affects menstruating women who use highly absorbent tampons. B) Mosquito bites: Mosquito bites contribute to vector-borne diseases, such as West Nile virus, but are not associated with TSS. C) International travel: International travel can lead to diseases endemic to the area of travel, such as malaria, but is not associated with TSS. D) Multiple sexual partners: Multiple sexual partners increase the risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections but are not associated with TSS. A nurse is caring for a client who has acute kidney injury. The client's ABGS are: pH: 7.26 PaCO2: 30 mm Hg HCO3: 14 mEq/L A) Metabolic alkalosis B) Respiratory alkalosis C) Respiratory acidosis D) Metabolic acidosis - Ans: D) Metabolic acidosis Rationale: Acute renal failure causes metabolic acidosis because clients cannot process and excrete the acidic substances the usual bodily functions produce every day. With metabolic acidosis, the pH is be [Show More]

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