Civics EOC Exam Study Guide Questions with Accurate answers, rated A.

Civics EOC Exam Study Guide Questions with Accurate answers, rated A. What ideas is John Locke known for? - ✔✔-natural rights, natural law, and social contract Social Contract - ✔✔-people give away some of their pow ...

Civics EOC Exam Study Guide Questions with Accurate answers, rated A. What ideas is John Locke known for? - ✔✔-natural rights, natural law, and social contract Social Contract - ✔✔-people give away some of their power to the government in exchange for protection How did Montesquieu influence the Founding Fathers? - ✔✔-by giving them the ideas of Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances 3 concepts found in the Magna Carta that influenced the Founding Fathers - ✔✔-trial by jury, limited government, rule of law 3 rights that are found in the English Bill of rights that are found in the Us Bill of Rights - ✔✔-freedom of speech, no cruel and unusual punishment, no taxes without consent 3 concepts in the Mayflower Compact that influenced the Founding Fathers - ✔✔-self-government, rule of law, and social contract What did Thomas Paine's Common Sense influence the Founding Fathers to do? - ✔✔-make America and independent country 3 things the British did that made the Colonists angry - ✔✔-quartering act, tea act, and stamp act Who was the "Grievances" of the Declaration of Independence addressed to? - ✔✔-the King 3 rights Thomas Jefferson said every American is entitled to - ✔✔-life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness Which Enlightenment philosopher influenced Jefferson in the "natural Rights" section of the Declaration of Independence? - ✔✔-John Locke 3 weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation - ✔✔-No power to tax, regulate trade, and enforce laws What are the goals of the Preamble? - ✔✔-A more perfect union, Establish Justice, Insure Domestic Tranquility, Provide for the Common Defense, Promote the General Welfare, and Secure the blessings of Liberty for ourselves and our posterity A more perfect union - ✔✔-make a better country Establish Justice - ✔✔-fairness/equality - courts Insure Domestic Tranquility - ✔✔-safety in towns or states Provide for the Defense - ✔✔-keep the US safe - military Promote the General Welfare - ✔✔-help people Secure the blessings of Liberty for ourselves and our posterity - ✔✔-forever Separation of Power - ✔✔-an act of vesting the legislative, executive, and judicial powers of government in separate bodies Checks and Balances - ✔✔-counterbalancing influences by which an organization or system is regulated, typically those ensuring that political power is not concentrated in the hands of individuals or groups How does the Judicial Branch check the Executive Branch? - ✔✔-The Court can declare presidential acts unconstitutional How does the Judicial Branch check the Legislative Branch? - ✔✔-The Court can declare laws unconstitutional How does the Executive Branch check the Courts? - ✔✔-The president nominates judges How does the Executive Branch check Congress? - ✔✔-The president can veto congressional legislation How is the Legislative Branch checked by the Senate? - ✔✔-The Senate confirms the president's nominations. Congress can impeach judges and remove them from office How is the Legislative Branch checked by Congress? - ✔✔-Congress approves presidential nominations and controls the budgets. It can pass laws over the presidents veto and can impeach the president and remove him/her from office. Rule of Law - ✔✔-nobody is above the law Who must follow the law under the rule of law? - ✔✔-leaders Who and what does the rule of law protect? - ✔✔-citizens from tyranny/abuse of power What President demonstrated the Rule of Law? - ✔✔-President Richard Nixon 2 sources of American Law - ✔✔-The Code of Hammurabi and English Common Law List 4 types of law and briefly explain each - ✔✔-Civil, Criminal, Constitutional, Military Which amendment defined citizenship? - ✔✔-14th the 14th amendment defines citizenship as... - ✔✔-all persons born or naturalized 5 qualifications for becoming a naturalized citizens - ✔✔-18 years of age or older, a lawful permanent resident, lived in the US for at least 5 years, be of "good moral character", and know basic english What are the two ways to become a natural born citizen and briefly explain each - ✔✔-law of blood - anyone born abroad to a US parent is a US citizen law of soil - anyone born on US sol is a US citizen 6 steps to become a naturalized citizen - ✔✔-1. Live in the US for 5 years 2. Fill out an application 3. fingerprint - background check 4. Interview 5. Pass the Civics and English test 6. Take the Oath of Allegiance 4 obligations of a US citizen - ✔✔-obey the law, pay taxes, serve on jury, defend the nation 4 responsibilities of a US citizen - ✔✔-vote, attend civic meetings, petition government, run for office the 10 amendments in the Bill of Rights - ✔✔-Freedom of Speech, Religion, Press, Assembly, and Petition, Right to bear arms, Quartering of Soldiers, Arrest and Searches, Rights of persons accused of crimes, Rights of persons on trial for crimes, Jury - Trials in civil Cases, Limitations on bail and punishments, Rights kept by the people, Powers kept by the states or the people 13th Amendmen - ✔✔-abolished slavery 14th - ✔✔-citizenship, due process, equal protection 15th - ✔✔-black men could vote 19th - ✔✔-women's suffrage 24th - ✔✔-abolished poll taxes 26th - ✔✔-lowered the voting age to 18 Marbury v. Madison - ✔✔-Judicial Review Plessy v. Ferguson - ✔✔-Separate but Equal Brown v. Board of Education - ✔✔-Ended Segregation in Public Schools Gideon v. Wainright - ✔✔-Right to Free Legal Counsel Miranda v. Arizona - ✔✔-Due Process In re' gault - ✔✔-Juveniles have the same due process rights as adults (lawyer, confront accuse, no self-incrimination, provide evidence) Tinker v. Des Moines - ✔✔-1st Amendment Free Speech (students have freedom of speech; free speech is more than just words) Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier - ✔✔-Free Speech/Press (there are limits to free speech in a school setting; puts limits on Tinker decision) US v. Nixon - ✔✔-Rule of Law - not even the president is above the law Bush v. Gore - ✔✔-Divided Court gives election to Bush - stops Florida recount Democrats - ✔✔-Government "welfare" programs to help those in need, higher taxes, business regulation Republicans - ✔✔-Less Government programs, lower taxes, less business regulation Libertarians - ✔✔-Maximum Freedom/Minimum Government Socialist - ✔✔-Government workers control business, welfare programs to help the people (free healthcare, education) Communists - ✔✔-Workers and the people control business, most were dictatorships What are the Constitutional Qualifications for President? - ✔✔-at least 35 years old, resident for 14 years, "natural born" citizen What are the Constitutional Qualifications for a Senator? - ✔✔-at least 30 years old, resident of the state for 9 years What are the Constitutional Qualifications for a Representative in the House of Representatives? - ✔✔- at least 25 years old, resident of the state for 7 years Party Platform - ✔✔-the main goals and ideas of the party Political Action Committee - ✔✔-an organization that raises money privately to influence elections or legislation, especially at the federal level Bias - ✔✔-opinionated/showing preferences Media Watchdog Role - ✔✔-monitors the conduct of government officials Propaganda - ✔✔-information meant to persuade