Civics EOC Review Practice Questions with accurate answers, Graded A

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Civics EOC Review Practice Questions with accurate answers, Graded A The Enlightenment idea of the separation of powers was developed by - ✔✔-Baron de Montesquieu John Locke's theory that cert ... ain truths in society come from and are governed by nature is known as the theory of - ✔✔-Natural Law Describe John Locke's theory of social contract. - ✔✔-People gave up some of their rights to government in order to have better lives and protection. This document guaranteed that not even the king or queen was above the law. - ✔✔-Magna Carta Explain the significance of the English Bill of Rights on the development of the U.S. constitution. - ✔✔- Established thought that individual rights should be listed and protected What was the first document that established self-government by creating a direct democracy in the colonies? - ✔✔-Mayflower Compact This pamphlet was used to persuade members of the Second Continental Congress and justified the ideals and reasons for independence from Great Britian. - ✔✔-Common Sense Give specific examples of colonial responses to English Policies. - ✔✔-Boston Tea Party, boycott, protest, literature, Common Sense What concerns of the colonists led to the writing of the Declaration of Independence? - ✔✔-Taxation without respresentation, forced quartering violation of BR What were the main complaints/arguments against Britian in the Declaration of Independence? - ✔✔- Colonists felt that England was not protecting their rights, taxing without representation, abusing power John Locke's theory of ___________ guaranteed that all individuals are entitled to basic rights such as life, liberty, and property. - ✔✔-Natural Rights Which document outlined the first form of government for the United States? Which system of government did this document create? - ✔✔-Articles of Confederation, a confederal system (no central government) List some of the major weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. - ✔✔-Central government had no power to tax, no national court system, no executive branch, no power to enforce laws, no power to regulate trade, all 13 states were needed to approve an amendment, approval of 9 of 13 states to enact laws What is the purpose of the Preamble to the constitution? - ✔✔-It introduces the goals and concepts outlined in the constitution + reinforces principles of good government What was the main argument the Federalists used to support the ratification of the Constitution? - ✔✔- The need for a stronger government List the arguments the Anti-Federalists used against ratifying the Constitution. - ✔✔-No bill of rights, central government too strong A legal member of a country is a - ✔✔-Citizen Name two ways a person can become a U.S. citizen - ✔✔-Birth to citizen parent called Law of Blood; Birth in US or US territory called Law of Soil; or naturalization List the steps in the naturalization process. - ✔✔-apply for residency visa, wait 5 years, apply for citizenship status, finger printed, interview with Immigration Services , pass citizenship test, take oath What are the major differences between Democrats and Republicans? - ✔✔-Democrats believe in a large government, encouraging government involvement with many programs . Republicans believe in a small government with few programs, encouraging communities and charities to take care of their own neighbors and families. What is a plank? - ✔✔-A specific issue that is a part of a parties' platform. A dock is a platform, the planks are the individual boards. The platform is the big theme, the plank is the individual idea. i.e. helping the poor people is a platform, opening a new shelter is a plank What is a platform? - ✔✔-A group or big idea that candidates campaign on or that a party supports. The platform is like the dock and the planks are the individual boards or individual ideas. i.e. the environment is the platform, passing a clean water bill is a plank Give an example of media informing the public about government. - ✔✔-A newspaper reports the details about a bill that is being written in Congress Give an example of how an individual can influence government. - ✔✔-Write a letter expressing a concern to county commissioner. Call your representative and tell them your opinion. Give an example on how interest groups can influence government. - ✔✔-An interest group can endorse a candidate for election and advertise for them. What is bias? - ✔✔-Showing preference towards toward a particular viewpoint. What is symbolism? - ✔✔-The use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities. What is propaganda? - ✔✔-Ideas used to exaggerate about peoples' thinking or behavior. What is the difference between direct democracy and representative democracy? - ✔✔-Direct: Voting "Directly" for leaders/laws Representative: Electing leaders to vote for you Explain the major similarity between socialism and communism. - ✔✔-Both socialism and communism are based on the principle that the goods and services produced in an economy should be owned publicly, and controlled and planned by a certified organization A type of government in which the leadership is comprised of the few wealthy elite people is called - ✔✔-an Oligarchy What is monarchy? - ✔✔-A type of government in which the head of state is a king or queen What is autocracy? - ✔✔-A system of government with absolute power such as a monarchy or dictatorship What is the Federal System of government? - ✔✔-Federal: Powers of government are divided between National and State Governments. What is a confederal system of government? - ✔✔-Powers of government are concentrated at the state level. A loose union of states. What is a unitary system of government? - ✔✔-Unitary: A central body retains supreme power. What is the term for a system of govenment in which the power to make and execute laws is held by a parliament? - ✔✔-Parliamentary What term means that all citizens are accountable to the law? - ✔✔-Rule of Law Why is rule of law fundamental to the American legal system? - ✔✔-American democracy is based on the idea of equality. Why is it an obligation or a duty for citizens to follow laws? - ✔✔-Citizen actions that are required by law such as jury duty. Why do citizens pay taxes? How does this benefit society? - ✔✔-It is an obligation or duty and they help pay for public services. Why is it important to have citizens serve on juries? - ✔✔-It is an obligation or duty and to ensure fair trials/justice. The Bill of Rights ensures a trial by jury, so a jury is needed. Order the five rights guaranteed by the 1st amendment. - ✔✔-RASPP Why was it important to add the Bill of Rights to the Constitution? - ✔✔-It satisfied the Anti-Federalists, limits on government and protects individuals. List the rights guaranteed by the 5th amendment (4D's) - ✔✔-D: Due Process D: Double Jeopardy D: Eminent Domain D: Don't have to testify How do the fourth, fifth, sixth, and eighth amendments protect the rights of the accused? - ✔✔-Search and Seizure, 4D's, speechy trial, impartial jury, right to attorney, no excessive bail, cruel and unusual punishment Why do you think the Framers included the 2nd amendment with respect to militias? - ✔✔-Individuals rights to protect themselves protected Why did the Framers include the 3rd amendment in the Bill of Rights? - ✔✔-Reactions to the Quartering act Explain the difference between the 6th and 7th amendments - ✔✔-Sixth protects the rights of the accused, and seventh ensures fairness in civil cases How does the Ninth Amendment safeguard individual liberties? - ✔✔-Individual rights are not limited to only those listed. The division of powers between three branches of government is called - ✔✔-Separation of Powers The ability of one branch of government to limit powers of the others is called - ✔✔-Checks + Balances What is the purpose of checks and balances and separation of powers in the constitution? - ✔✔-To prevent one branch of government from becoming too powerful What is the "highest law of land" in the U.S.? - ✔✔-U.S. Constitution ______________ law refers to the body of law that governs relationships between individuals and settle disputes. - ✔✔-Civil ______________ law refers to the body of law that regulates the conduct of individuals. - ✔✔-Criminal ______________ law is based on the Constitution and Supreme Court descisions. - ✔✔-Constitutional ______________ law governs the behavior of men and women in all branches of the armed forces. - ✔✔-Military Which amendment abolished slavery in the U.S.? - ✔✔-13th Which amendment guaranteed due process, equal protection, under the law and granted rights of citizenship to African Americans? - ✔✔-14th Which amendment guaranteed the right of suffrage regardless of previous condition of servitude? - ✔✔- 15th Which amendment, ratified in 1920, guaranteed women's suffrage? - ✔✔-19th Which amendment outlawed the use of poll taxes as a requirement for voting? - ✔✔-24th In the wake of the Vietnam War, which amendment was added to lower the voting age of U.S. citizens to 18? - ✔✔-26th What Landmark Supreme Court case resulted in the principle of Judicial Review? - ✔✔-Marbury vs. Madison What Landmark Supreme Court case justified segregation and the principle of "separate but equal"? - ✔✔-Plessy vs. Ferguson What Landmark Supreme Court case overturned the Plessy v. 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