ESOL CST, Revision Strategy, Terms Definition, 100% coverage. Rated A

ESOL CST, Revision Strategy, Terms Definition, 100% coverage. Rated A passive voice - ✔✔subject received the action instead of performing it monitoring - ✔✔learning strategy: Krashen hypothesizes that language instru ...

ESOL CST, Revision Strategy, Terms Definition, 100% coverage. Rated A passive voice - ✔✔subject received the action instead of performing it monitoring - ✔✔learning strategy: Krashen hypothesizes that language instruction results in the creation of a mental monitor through which the learner filters spoken and written output. The monitor aids learners in achieving accuracy, but may hinder the development of fluency. The ideal is a balance where the student has opportunities for unrestricted fluency and for using the monitor to "edit" and develop accuracy. BICS-Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills - ✔✔The skills involved in everyday communication - listening, speaking, carrying on basic conversation, understanding speakers and getting one's basic needs met. CALP-Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency - ✔✔The skills that are needed to succeed in the academic classroom, including problem solving, inferring, analyzing, synthesizing, and predicting. They go beyond the BICS, demanding much greater competence in the language. Comprehensible Input: - ✔✔Students learn best when exposed to samples of the target language that are at or just above the student's current level of acquisition of the language. Teachers can ensure that the language used in the classroom is comprehensible by evaluating the students on the Stages of Language Acquisition. Low Affective Filter: - ✔✔Students are best able to absorb and mentally process the language input they receive when they are in an environment where they are relaxed and their anxiety level is low. The teacher can provide this by making the classroom a warm, supportive place where students feel free to take risks with language. register - ✔✔degree of formality morphology - ✔✔branch of linguistics (internal structure of words) language's morphemes and other linguistic units, such as root words, affixes, parts of speech, intonations and stresses, or implied context. overgeneralization - ✔✔Example: treating irregular as a regular on (go--> goed) communicative approach - ✔✔emphasizes learning to communicate: focus is on meaningful communication not structure, use not usage. In this approach, students are given tasks to accomplish using language, instead of studying the language. context-reduced language - ✔✔no background knowledge given Miscue Analysis - ✔✔reading assessment that allows teacher to evaluate deviations from actual text during oral reading. Determines how a reader is decoding and processing printed words and using them to construct meaning: strat to decode and comprehend text Holistic Scoring - ✔✔teacher judges overall communicative effectiveness of students written work: evaluate writers ability to communicate ideas rather than assess mechanical (grammar) Steps towards reading for information - ✔✔1. ask specific questions to clarify and extend meaning of texts: inferring, verifying meaning in texts 2. determining fact from opinion 3. determining relevance of information kinestitic learner - ✔✔learns best when physically active using movement to reinforce memory and comprehension Sheltered approach to ELL instruction (SEP) - ✔✔used in content classes to provide additional EL support: ELL acquire academic English as they learn academic content. Development of communicative language skills is offered in tandem with SEP and is not a fundamental elements of this approach Vygotsky - ✔✔Views language first as social communication, which gradually promotes both language itself and cognition. A person who begins to learn a second language after the onset of puberty... - ✔✔will likely find language learning more difficult and depend more o repetition Affective strategies (to lower affective filter) - ✔✔Lower your anxiety, take your emotional temperature Social strategies - ✔✔Asking questions, cooperating with others, empathizing with others Interlanguage - ✔✔A strategy used by 2nd language learners to compensate for lack of proficiency: preserving some features of their first language (or L1), or overgeneralizing target language rules in speaking or writing the target language and creating innovations Natural Approach - ✔✔Krashen & Terrell: Students can improve vocal through meaningful interaction/meaningful context Willig & Lee's 4 developmental stages - ✔✔1) Pre-production stage 2) Early production stage 3) The speech emergence stage 4) The intermediate fluency stage James Asher TPR (total physical response) - ✔✔introduces new language through a series of commands to physically enact an event. The student responds to the commands with action. Research on this strategy shows that more efficient learning with fuller student involvement occurs when students actually move than when they do not. For beginning students, an advantage of TPR is that students are not required to make oral responses until they have achieved and demonstrated full comprehension through physical actions. LEA - ✔✔Language Experience Approach: Encourages spoken responses from LEP students after they are exposed to a variety of first-hand, sensory experiences.Helps develop rea