APES REVIEW Top Exam Questions and answers,100% Accurate, rated A+

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APES REVIEW Top Exam Questions and answers,100% Accurate, rated A+ What are the 4 major layers of the earth and the predominant elements in each layer? - ✔✔-Crust (oxygen), Mantle, Outer Core ... , Inner Core (iron); What are the three types of plate boundaries? - ✔✔-Convergent, Divergent, Transform) What are the two types of tectonic plates and what are they made up of? - ✔✔-Oceanic (basalt) and Continental (granite) What are the major horizons of Soil? What is found in each? - ✔✔-OA(nutrients) B(accumulated metals; iron, aluminum) CR(bedrock) How do clay, silt, and sand impact soil characteristics? - ✔✔-Clay holds water, Sand allows for quick percolation, silt is ideal for farming What are two abiotic factors that erode soil? - ✔✔-Soil is primarily eroded by water, second is wind. What are the three types of rocks? Which is most common on the surface of the earth? - ✔✔-Igneous, metamorphic, Sedimentary (common on surface) What are the two major types of weathering? Where on the planet do they occur? - ✔✔-Physical and Chemical Weathering. Physical occurs commonly outside of the tropics, chemical within the tropics What are the major gases of the atmosphere? - ✔✔-Nitrogen (78%), Oxygen (21%), Argon (.93%), Carbon Dioxide (.035% or 350ppm) What are the layers of the atmosphere from the surface up to space? - ✔✔-Tropo, Strato, Meso, Thermo, Iso, Exo Name 3 greenhouse gases - ✔✔-Carbon Dioxide, Methane, Water Vapor The bulk of the planet's freshwater is found where? - ✔✔-Frozen What is an Aquifer? - ✔✔-An underground layer of porous rock between impermeable rock filled with water What are 4 major properties of water? - ✔✔-Cohesion, Adhesion, Capillarity, Universal Solvent, High Specific heat What are the types of symbiotic relationships, and how is each species impacted? - ✔✔-Mutualism (+,+) Commensalism (+,0) Parasitism (+, -) What is a Keystone Species? - ✔✔-A species which serves to keep all other populations in balance in an ecosystem Biodiversity is defined as... - ✔✔-the number of species in an area and is a measure of the health of an ecosystem. Greater is better. How much energy is transferred up trophic levels - ✔✔-10% What trophic level has to be the largest? - ✔✔-Producers What is the primary energy source for terrestrial ecosystems? - ✔✔-Sun Which of the biogeochemical cycles does not utilize the atmosphere? - ✔✔-Phosphorus How is atmospheric nitrogen converted to a useable form for plants? - ✔✔-Nitrogen fixing bacteria - Nitrogen fixation & ammonification Water leaving organisms, like plants through their stoma, is called? - ✔✔-Transpiration How do an r-strategist and k-strategist differ? Example of each? - ✔✔-r=rapid reproduction (rabbits, mice) k=slow population growth (humans, elephant) 3. The presence of soil indicates secondary succession What is a carrying capacity? - ✔✔-The maximum population size based on ecosystem limits What is the major difference between primary and secondary succession? - ✔✔-The presence of soil indicates secondary succession How many people are on the planet? - ✔✔-7 billion How many people are in the US? - ✔✔-330 million What is the formula for Ecological Impact? - ✔✔-I = PAT (Population X Affluence X Technology The world population graph is a _________ curve - ✔✔-J What are the four phases of the demog [Show More]

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