NCE and CPCE Top Exam Questions with accurate answers, rated A+

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NCE and CPCE Top Exam Questions with accurate answers, rated A+ Self-concepts are individuals perceptions of who they are, their attributes and traits. Stabilization of one's self-concept - ✔�... �-may be influenced by cultural and family factors. Which of the following is NOT a neurotransmitter which facilitates messages between neurons? - ✔✔- Atropine The view that children begin their development as a "blank slate" has been identified by John Locke as - ✔✔-Tabula Rasa According to Erikson, young adults seek close relationships with others but fear that doing so would mean giving up independence. Erikson called this tension - ✔✔-Intimacy vs. Isolation Justin's family moved to a new school district in October of the school year. His teacher noticed that although his verbal skills were well developed, he was not particularly interested in interacting and playing with other children his age. Justin seemed preoccupied with anything with wheels and would try to determine what made them turn. Often the teacher would see Justin make turning movements with his hands or arms. The teacher decided to refer Justin to the school psychologist for assessment. It may be that Justin has - ✔✔-Asperger's Disorder Which of the following is a true statement pertaining to the DSM-V? - ✔✔-The axial classification system has been dropped. According to behaviorists, the "law of effect" most nearly refers to - ✔✔-Conditioning principles. Strong interpersonal relationships are often forged by individuals working for the same company. Not infrequently marriages are the result of some of these relations. The principle involved here is called - ✔✔-Propinquity Frequently a mental status exam is administered to an individual seeking mental health services. This formal assessment process covers several specific areas. Which of the following is NOT one of those areas? - ✔✔-Interpersonal relationships Albert Bandura developed a social learning theory and self-efficacy is one of the principal concepts. Selfefficacy is the belief that we can do some task or behavior. As counselors, we need to be able to empower clients to become more self-efficacious. Which one of the following is NOT an approach recommended by Bandura? - ✔✔-Raising anxiety level. A professional counselor determines fees for monthly consultation services on a job-by-job basis. This is an example of the following types of reinforcement schedules? - ✔✔-Variable ratio. Piaget identified four major stages of child development. Which of the following refers to the period during which the child develops the abilities to classify and seriate objects and to maintain relationships between objects despite their physical manipulation? - ✔✔-Concrete operations. No single theory explains how women develop, however, there are a number of concepts attributable to women in their process of development. Which of the following concepts are NOT representative of women's development? - ✔✔-Self-absorption and power networks. Erikson called the last stage in his theory of human development Integrity vs. Despair. A person;s challenge in this stage is to achieve acceptance of the finality of life. Erikson postulated that such acceptance could be achieved only of the person had - ✔✔-Accepted the accomplishment of the various roles the individual had filled in life. A prominent theory of psychosexual development is that of Freud. In one of his five postulated stages, children are often thought to be attracted to their parent of the opposite sex. This attraction appears to occur in the ____________stage. - ✔✔-Phallic A counselor is seeing a Latina client for the first time. She is experiencing anxiety and is distressed that her family members are scattered throughout several states in order to have jobs. The counselor determines that this client is an illegal immigrant and is considering what course of action he should take. The counselor chooses not to report this client to the authorities which is consistent with Kohlberg's level of - ✔✔-Postconventional moral Development Gloria visits her college counseling center because she has difficulty going to sleep and staying asleep. She finds out that about fiver percent of the students at the college have similar complaints. This is known as ____________ of the sleep problem. - ✔✔-Prevalence A school counselor has met several times over the year with a tenth grader who is having difficulty with authority figures. At a session which includes the students mother, the counselor notices the student exhibiting a number of childlike behaviors. In terms of defense mechanisms, this behavior can probably be labeled - ✔✔-Regression. One of the early theorists viewed human development from an ecological perspective. This suggests that the system in which the individual finds him or herself is critical to the development process. This theorist was - ✔✔-Urie Bronfenbrenner Proponents of the Maslow's theory believe that peoples behaviors are directed primarily by - ✔✔-Need gratification. Which of the following statements about microaggressions is NOT true? - ✔✔-Is never unintentional Some definable communities have a set of values, mores and behaviors which are passed from one generation to another. This can include such things as language, music and food. This describes - ✔✔- Culture Over the centuries, various groups of people have viewed themselves as the stand bearer and cultural model other people should strive to emulate. This notion is called - ✔✔-Ethnocentrism Which of the following statements is NOT true? Climate change - ✔✔-Leaves a very limited Appearing expert to your client may help to 'influence' her or him to join into the counseling process. The individual who identified the interpersonal influence process is - ✔✔-Stanley Strong The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) has been a valuable piece of federal legislation. Which of the following statements is NOT true? - ✔✔-If individuals with disabilities cannot complete the usual employment application process, there is no discrimination in not hiring such a person. Which of the following statements relating to teenage suicide is most true? - ✔✔-Among 10-24 yearolds, suicide is the second leading cause of death. Counseling women may be different than counseling men. Which of the following statements about counseling women is NOT true? - ✔✔-Men experience as many conflicts in their roles as women do. In general, clients from minority groups may prefer engaging in which of the following counseling approaches? - ✔✔-Action-oriented Motivation and reinforcement may come from within a person or from sources external to the person. According to ROtter, people's behavior is determined by their belief that reinforcements are either internally or externally controlled. This concept is called - ✔✔-Locus of control A counselor in a social services agency is working with an economically deprived immigrant. The first priority for this client might be - ✔✔-Shelter and food A number of different cultural factors and forces impact on individuals to make them unique. Some of these factors and forces have a broader impact than others. Which of these factors results in the greatest similarity between individuals? - ✔✔-Racio-ethnic In counseling individuals from the same racial or cultural group, which statement is true? - ✔✔-There may be more differences between members within a racial or cultural group than between members of two or more racial or cultural groups. Some counselors may disregard cultural variations believing that individuals from the same culture are basically the same. - ✔✔-Cultural encapsulation To effectively counsel individuals cross-culturally, the counselor may need to adopt some modifications in approaching such clients. Which of the following is most true? - ✔✔-For individuals from some cultures, an introduction by a mutually known individual may be helpful. In terms of multicultural counseling, NETWORK THERAPY, means all the following may be involved in the counseling EXCEPT for - ✔✔-Neighbors who know of the family's difficulties. Counselor training programs are expected to include cross-cultural competencies in all courses required by students. These competencies include all of the following components EXCEPT - ✔✔-Personal counseling Not all minority groups are faring as well as others in the US. For example, one group has the highest infant mortality rate, the highest dropout rate from high school at about 70%, and the highest suicide rate. All these descriptors are most pertinent to - ✔✔-Native Americans Tim is a high school sophomore who is very bright and adept with all the most recent computers and communication devices. He doesn't have many close friends and can't wait for classes to end so he can continue playing the World of Warcraft online game which he can play for hours each day. Which of the following statements is most UNTRUE? - ✔✔-Game playing appears restricted to one or two countries and the vast majority of gamers are teenagers. Regarding family abuse and violence, which of the following statements is LEAST true? - ✔✔-The level of stress the family is experiencing is seldom related to the incidence of child abuse. Objective relations theory conceptualizes four broad stages of development. Which of these stages is usually the third to occur in the child? - ✔✔-Separation/Individuation In his person-center approach to counseling, which of the following processes did Rogers feel was NOT necessary or appropriate? - ✔✔-Diagnosis A counselor focuses on 'belief system', 'self-talk', and 'crooked thinking' with her client. It is likely that the theoretical approach of this counselor is strongly influenced by - ✔✔-Rational emotive behavior therapy. A counselor who believes that peoples behavior is best explained as reactions to stimuli in their environment is probably working from a ____________ theoretical perspective. - ✔✔-Behavioral Rogers has noted that the second half of therapy often creates more unhappiness and depression for the client than the first half. It is likely that this may be attributed to - ✔✔-Experiencing the reorganized self. In narrative therapy, the client often talks about the 'problem-saturated' story. Some specific counseling techniques which may be used in this therapy include all the following EXCEPT - ✔✔-Miracle question The family systems approach which views the family as an emotional unit and stresses the importance of more than one generation is that of - ✔✔-Murray Bowen A counselor can use many different techniques with a client. One potentially powerful technique in moving the counseling process forward helps the client see issues and problems in a new light. This technique is called - ✔✔-Interpretation There are many effective counseling techniques used by counselors who practice from a behavioral perspective. Two of these are systemic desensitization and stress inoculation. Who are the theorists most closely associated with these techniques? - ✔✔-Joseph Wolpe and Donald Meichenbaum Some counselors develop a personal theory for counseling based on their worldviews, education and experience. They choose those techniques and processes from other theories which fit their own personal theory. This is called - ✔✔-Integrative Therapy There are many techniques in family counseling used by different therapists to examine the relationships between and among family members. One of these techniques asks that a member of the family place other family members in a physical arrangement representing the relationship between family members. This technique is called - ✔✔-Sculpting Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) although developed principally for borderline personality treatment, is now used more broadly. Which of the following four module skills is NOT one applied by DBT practitioners? - ✔✔-Hypnosis The counseling technique used by the counselor to explain to the client the logical inconsistencies in the client's statements is known as - ✔✔-confrontation Which of the following statements about the relationship of neurobiology and psychotherapy appears most accurate? - ✔✔-A counseling relationship can foster the development of new neurons and neural networks. Conceptual and operational differences between individual counseling and family counseling include all the following EXCEPT - ✔✔-the 'system' gets priority attention in both A number of principles from feminine psychology undergird feminist therapy. Which of the following is NOT one of those basic principles? - ✔✔-Because the counselor probably understands feminine psychology better than the client, the counselors role is to lead and educate the client. Some of the key concepts of this theoretical approach include the unity of personality, the need to view people from their subjective perspective, and the importance of life goals that give direction to behavior. This theory suggests people are motivated by social interest and by finding goals to give life meaning. These statements most clearly define the __________ counseling theory. - ✔✔-Adlerian Some counselors work with clients who have been victims of various traumatic events and circumstances. Hurricanes, earthquakes, and terrorist attacks can all result in PTSD. There may be consequences to the counselor for engaging in this kind of counseling work. One of the possible consequences for the counselor may be - ✔✔-Secondary t [Show More]

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