NCE/LPC Exam Study Guide, Questions and answers, 100% Accurate, rated A+

NCE/LPC Exam Study Guide, Questions and answers, 100% Accurate, rated A+ Ego's need for immediate gratification. - ✔✔-Pleasure Principle The cause or ____________of abnormal behavior is difficult to determine in most ...

NCE/LPC Exam Study Guide, Questions and answers, 100% Accurate, rated A+ Ego's need for immediate gratification. - ✔✔-Pleasure Principle The cause or ____________of abnormal behavior is difficult to determine in most cases. - ✔✔-Etiology An individual who is happy,autonomous, & creative has reached ______________. - ✔✔-Selfactualization This is necessary from parents for children to develop healthy concepts. (Rogers) - ✔✔-Unconditional Positive Regard Accomplished by rewarding success of desired behavior. - ✔✔-Shaping Learning method involving the conditioning of new stimuli to existing responses. - ✔✔-Classical Conditioning A behavior modification used to establish new behavior. - ✔✔-reinforcement The designations "common," "personal," & "cardinal" refer to ______________. - ✔✔-Trait Theory Individuals are in an interactional relationship with their environment. - ✔✔-contextual worldview Freud believed human behavior is mainly motivated by the psychosexual energy called __________. - ✔✔-libido Relearning by using a particular stimulus to establish a new, more adaptive response - ✔✔-counter conditioning Idea that there are many different ways to interpret events, each one leading to different behaviors. - ✔✔-Kelly's concept of Constructive Alternativism A severe psychological disorder involving loss of contact with reality. - ✔✔-Psychosis Process of development and body change resulting from heredity rather than learning. - ✔✔-Maturation Vicarious conditioning occurs through observed________. - ✔✔-modeling The unpleasantness of _________motivates individuals to avoid or reduce inconsistencies in cognitive structure. - ✔✔-cognitive dissonance Used by individuals to maintain feelings of adequacy and self-worth rather than coping directly with a stressful situation. - ✔✔-defense mechanisms Used to help reduce anxiety experienced by an agoraphobic client. - ✔✔-systematic desensitization Skinner believes the social environment provides a variety of __________to help shape human behavior. - ✔✔-consequences Patterns of ____________that may be organic, psychological, or sociocultural in origin. - ✔✔-abnormal behavior The tendency toward subjective functioning, with the self being of greatest importance. - ✔✔-Jung's theory of Introversion Behavior modification programs in schools/group homes used to motivate participants. - ✔✔-token economy This approach to human functioning stresses the importance of each individual's perception of reality. - ✔✔-Phenomenological Emphasizes the importance of genetic and physical contributors to maladaptive behavior. - ✔✔- biological viewpoint Use of family constellation - ✔✔-Adler traits and values - ✔✔-Allport vicarious conditioning - ✔✔-Bandura 16 Personality Factor Questionairre - ✔✔-Cattell stage theory of development - ✔✔-Erikson Cognitive dissonance - ✔✔-Festinger id, ego, superego - ✔✔-Freud introversion-extroversion - ✔✔-Jung cognitive meaning making - ✔✔-Kegan Role Construct Repertory Test - ✔✔-Kelly Justice Reasoning & Moral development - ✔✔-Kohlberg Life Space - ✔✔-Lewin seven-stage ego development - ✔✔-Loevinger Self-actualization - ✔✔-Maslow Thematic apperception test - ✔✔-Murray Russian Psychologist - ✔✔-Pavlov dualism, relativism, & commitment - ✔✔-Perry original child psychologist - ✔✔-Piaget actualizing tendency - ✔✔-Rogers principle of reinforcement - ✔✔-Skinner interpersonal personality theory - ✔✔-Sullivan stimulus-response-consequence - ✔✔-Thorndike father of American behaviorism - ✔✔-Watson systematic desensitization - ✔✔-Wolpe The main factor in defining a minority. - ✔✔-Oppression In order to better serve Hispanic American clients, counselors should be__________& _____________. - ✔✔-bilingual and bicultural Counselors who do not resolve their own__________will undermine their own work with minority clients. - ✔✔-prejudice The "Superwoman Syndrome" is an exampe of ______. - ✔✔-role strain When too many demands come from various areas of a person's life this results. - ✔✔-role conflict Sex role ___________ is unhealthy, where ___________promotes better functioning. - ✔✔- stereotyping, androgyny Times of change from one role or stage to the next are referred to as ______________. - ✔✔-transitions ______________ or __________________makes employment, housing, medical, and other services difficult to obtain. - ✔✔-Discrimination against elderly, ageism This is detrimental to a counselor's work with gay men or lesbian women. - ✔✔-homophobia In determining treatment situations for clients, counselors should look for _____________. - ✔✔-least restrictive environment Public law 94-192 improved services for children with ________________. - ✔✔-disabilities _____________or ________________ are more distinct in early life and more alike in the elderly. - ✔✔- Gender roles, Sex roles In building rapport with minority clients, counselors need to be aware of ___________. - ✔✔-nonverbal communication Child, parent, & grandparent are the major ________. - ✔✔-family roles Females actually have greater ___________ than males. - ✔✔-verbal ability The balance between work life, family life, and leisure. - ✔✔-role integration _______________ dictate the customs, attitudes, and beliefs of a particular racial or ethnic group. - ✔✔- culture-bound values Culture conflict is a major issue for many _________. - ✔✔-Asian Americans Pessimism, stoicism, & laziness are stereotypes of ______________. - ✔✔-Native Americans The counselor must accurately diagnose the problem taking cultural norms into consideration before - ✔✔-effective intervention can take place. The belief that clients should change to fit the environment. - ✔✔-autoplastic view The belief tht suggests changing the outside world. - ✔✔-Alloplastic view Counselors are often called to collaborate with medical and legal personnel when dealing with - ✔✔- abuse As nontraditional families increase, the traditional_____________ is declining. - ✔✔-nuclear family This decreases as one's age increases. - ✔✔-cohort group Lesbians and gays reveal their sexual orientation to themselves and/or others. - ✔✔-The process of coming out grieving process - ✔✔-Kubler-Ross emic-etic dilemma - ✔✔-Dragun