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NR302 Week 6 Health assessment risk factors

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Male reproductive system: • Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) • Hypertrophy of the prostate gland • Puberty – prostate gland very rapid growth, increase to more than twice its prepubertal ... size • Hypertrophy may be due to hormonal imbalance, leading to proliferation of benign adenomas • Rarely causes symptoms before age 40 • 90% men in 70s have some symptoms • Symptoms • Hesitant, interrupted, or weak urinary stream • Urinary urgency • Leaking or dribbling • Increased frequency of urination, especially at night (nocturia) • Prostate Cancer (most frequent cancer in men) • Early symptoms similar to BPH, but late symptoms include: • Blood in urine • Hip, back or chest pain • Erectile dysfunction • Weakness or numbness in legs or feet • Loss of bladder or bowel control • Risk Factors • North America, Northwestern Europe • African American men (70% higher than Whites) • First-degree relative (father or brother) • Mortality rates two times higher, diagnosed more advanced stage • Diets heavy in red meat or high-fat dairy products • Obesity may also be factor • Screening Recommendations: • Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test • Based on levels • If < 2.5 ng/mL test every 2 years • If > 2.5 ng/mL test yearly • Incidence of prostate cancer based on PSA levels • Below 4 ng/mL, 15% will have prostate cancer on biopsy • Between 4 and 10 ng/mL, 1 in 4 chance • More than 10 ng/mL, the chance of prostate cancer > 50% • Digital Rectal Exam (DRE) • May be done as part of screening American cancer society prostate screening 2016 At Age 50 Age 45 The discussion about screening should take place at: Age 50 for men at average risk of prostate cancer and are expected to live at least 10 more years. Age 45 for men at high risk of developing prostate cancer. This includes African Americans and men who have a first-degree relative (father, brother, or son) diagnosed with prostate cancer at an early age (younger than age 65). [Show More]

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