WGU C787 Nutrition Review Questions and Notes, Questions and answers, 100% Accurate, rated A+

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WGU C787 Nutrition Review Questions and Notes, Questions and answers, 100% Accurate, rated A+ When nutrition advocates became concerned that recommendations did not do enough to address prevent... ion of chronic diet related diseases, what policy change were made? - ✔✔-RDA's (Recommended Daily Allowances) expanded into several DRI (Daily Reference Intakes) What is true of dietary reference intake? choose two. - ✔✔-Food labeling must include information about them. They differ depending on age and gender What is always found on a nutrition label in the US? - ✔✔-Serving size A healthful diet contains nutrient intake near what amount? - ✔✔-RDA (Recommended daily allowance) -The average daily intake level estimated to meet the needs of nearly all people in a certain group. Aim for this amount! -Use this for planning family meals sufficient for infants, children, adults and ELDERLY family members. What is an appropriate use of AMDR (Acceptable Macronutrient Dietary Range) when evaluating the appropriateness of a snack food? - ✔✔-50% calories from fat is too much. (There is an AMDR for fats, carbs, and proteins only. It is a range of percentages of calories that you should get from that nutrient per day.) The AMDR for fats is 20-35%** AMDR for protein - ✔✔-10-35% AMDR for fat - ✔✔-20-35% AMDR for carbs - ✔✔-45-65% What is meant by Tolerable Upper Intake Level? - ✔✔-The highest level of daily consumption that current data has shown to cause no side effects in humans; ensures people do not take harmful amounts. (More for supplements; No side effects in humans) How is estimated average requirement (EAR) commonly used? - ✔✔-To guide recommendations and menu planning for COMMUNITIES in combinations with upper intake levels. What is true of choosemyplate.gov recommendations as presented by their setting place graphic? - ✔✔- Half of the plate should be fruits and vegetables. What is the nutritional benefit of fruits and vegetables? - ✔✔-They provide phytonutrients (nutrients from plants) that reduce the risk some types of cancer. (They are high in fiber/bulk, vitamins and minerals, low in calories.) What is FALSE regarding fruits and vegetables in the diet? - ✔✔-Fruits and vegetables are rich in vitamin B12 (Watch for the negative/false/incorrect questions!!) Number of recommended servings of fruits and vegetables per day - ✔✔-9 Increasing the amount of colorful vegetables reduces the risk of: - ✔✔-Stroke What strategy might be AVOIDED due to expense for patients looking to eat more healthfully on a budget? - ✔✔-Buying frozen meals Strategies for balanced healthy meal planning on a budget - ✔✔--buying canned veggies in bulk -buying only the amount of fresh veggies that can be eaten at the time (to avoid wasting them) -buying veggies whole and preparing/trimming them at home (precut veggies are more expensive) -grow veggies and herbs at home -buy only in season veggies Which statement is true about planning a balanced meal? - ✔✔-Skim milk has roughly the same amount of calcium and protein as whole milk. (Always stick with reduced or no fat dairy products) What is true about dietary recommendations for whole grain intake? - ✔✔-Half of all whole grains consumed should be whole grain products. Fritz is hosting a brunch and prepares for each of his friends: Omelet with cheese Toasted English muffin 1t all fruit preserves ½ large grapefruit 1c whole milk How can his menu be improved to follow the dietary guidelines for Americans? Choose all that apply - ✔✔-Use egg whites for the omelets Replace cheese with vegetables in the omelets Replace English muffin with whole wheat English muffin Replace whole milk with fat free milk (Adding juice will never be an answer because it is sugar water.) What is true of recommendations concerning trans fat and added sugar intake? - ✔✔-Trans fat and added sugar intake should be minimized. There is no DRI value! What is recommended daily amount of protein intake? - ✔✔-60g/ day or 0.8gm/kg Which list contains all examples of protein? - ✔✔-Garbanzo beans (Chickpeas) Egg Chicken breast Yogurt Cheese Ground beef Peanut butter Tofu What is the best choice for a combination of plant-based foods to maximize healthy diet in a vegetarian diet? - ✔✔-Legume + whole grain There is a current initiative for more transparent labeling of sugars on nutrition fact labels. In the coming years, which of these might be more obviously labeled sugars? Choose all that apply. - ✔✔--Anything ending in-ose -Honey (Most things ending in ose are sugars like glucose, fructose, etc. **Not -ase which are enzymes) Which carbohydrate will cause a quick return to hunger? - ✔✔-One with a higher glycemic index (Measures how the body responds to a sugar, high index is a high fast blood sugar and insulin spike and low index would mean it raises blood sugar slower.) Which is the reason that seafood can be considered a healthful diet? - ✔✔-Some seafood is high in heart healthy omega 3 oils What are generally considered sources of healthy fat? - ✔✔-Fish, nuts, olive oil What is NOT a common source of high levels of sodium? - ✔✔-Spices and herbs (Manufactured breads, processed food and canned soup/broth tend to have lots of sodium) Which foods are relatively rich in iron? Choose all that apply - ✔✔-Dark leafy greens, legumes, red meat, nuts What is the best vegetarian source of iron from the options provided? - ✔✔-Beans (Legume!) Which of these are protective against heart disease? - ✔✔-Fiber, HDL cholesterol (good cholesterol) Which are linked to increase heart disease risk? - ✔✔-LDL (bad cholesterol), trans fat, saturated fats Reducing heart disease/ stroke - ✔✔-LDL levels below 120mg/dl Limit cholesterol intake to less than 30mg per day Saturated fats-less than 7% of total daily calories At least 30 minutes of activity in daily routine Sodium levels-below 1600mg per day Increase intake of fiber, especially INSOLUBLE fiber, although ***most will be soluble. Limit alcohol to 1-2 drinks per day. What is an appropriate dietary intervention to address a patient's low albumin level? - ✔✔-High protein diet Select foods that would be inappropriate for a patient with kidney disease? - ✔✔-Fried eggs, hot dogs, steak (**Watch proteins because they are broken down into ketones which are difficult for the kidneys) What is the DASH diet designed to address? - ✔✔-Hypertension (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) Which factors are important in controlling hypertension? Select all that apply - ✔✔-Sodium below 1600mg daily Daily exercise such as a half hour walk Maintaining a healthy weight-BMI below 25 Another benefit of fiber - ✔✔-It lowers the absorption rate of glucose in the body Because obesity affects many organ systems and hormones impairing body functions, which is true? - ✔✔-It is now considered a disease by the AMA Kwashiorkor - ✔✔-A form of malnutrition caused by inadequate protein intake Seen in regions experiencing famine Kwashiorkor S/S - ✔✔-Muscle wasting, decreased ability to maintain fluid balance, edema of limbs and face, inflammation due to liver being unable to clear toxins and infections. Hair loses its color, skin is patchy, sores don't heal. Marasmus - ✔✔-Marasmus literally means "to waste away" and is an acute form of malnutrition. It is caused by a deficiency of both calories and protein in the diet. This is the most severe form of childhood malnutrition. Marasmus S/S - ✔✔-Muscle wasting, impairment of brain development, decreased learning ability, decreased temp, little to no subcutaneous fat, engage in little to no activity to allow all energy to be used for essential body functions Pellagra is a _____ deficiency disease. - ✔✔-Niacin Pellagra S/S - ✔✔-diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death What BMI is considered OBESE, requiring counseling about a weight loss dietary plan? - ✔✔-BMI > 30 Vitamin A deficiency - ✔✔-night blindness, dry skin Vitamin C deficiency - ✔✔-scurvy, hemorrhagic diathesis, poor wound healing Iodine deficiency symptoms - ✔✔-- Goiter (enlargement of the thyroid gland), leads to hypothyroidism which leads to weight gain and slow BMR - cretinism: severe mental and physical retardation Overweight BMI - ✔✔-BMI > 25 Morbidly obese BMI - ✔✔-BMI > 40 Low BMI - ✔✔-BMI < 18.5 How to calculate BMI - ✔✔-1. Take patients height in inches and square it (ex: 5'4" = 64 in; 64 ^2 = 4096) 2. Divide the weight in pounds by the number you get (ex: 175/4096 = 0.043) 3. Multiply the answer to step two by 703 (ex: 0.043 x 703 = 30) What is the BMI calculation for a patient that measures 5'4" in height and 175 lbs in weight? - ✔✔-30 What describes a diet LEAST likely to result in obesity? - ✔✔-A diet with a variety of fruits, whole grains and vegetables. Identify which heart disease risk factors are modifiable - ✔✔-Sedentary lifestyle BMI 32kg/m2 Diet high in trans fat Which statement is true? - ✔✔-Obese children and teenagers are at increased risk of coronary heart disease You are working in a family medicine clinic with a 22 yr old patient. You note a BMI of 17. What counseling might you give this patient? - ✔✔-"At this BMI you are at an increased risk of infertility, osteoporosis and premature death. Let's find solutions." What health risks clearly increase along with BMI? Select all that apply. - ✔✔-Heart Disease Type 2 diabetes, Premature death Osteoarthritis Sleep apnea What is true regarding genetic influence on body weight? - ✔✔-Body weights of parents are often predictive of children even when they do not raise them. To maintain weight in the long term, patients should: - ✔✔-Balance energy expenditure with energy intake; eat just enough calories for activity level. What are the physical activity guidelines for Americans for different age groups and what benefits are seen with these levels of physical activity? - ✔✔-Aerobic: Most of the 60 minutes or more per day should be either moderate or vigorous intensity aerobic activity and should include vigorous intensity activity at least 3 days per week. HEI (healthy eating index) - ✔✔-A measure of diet quality used to assess how well a set of foods aligns with key recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans What foods/products are regulated by the FDA? - ✔✔-Drugs, dietary supplements, ensures that foods people eat in the US are safe, wholesome, sanitary, and properly labeled. Regulates meats from exotic animals Meanwhile, they are responsible for regulating - and slapping a nutrition facts label - on all processed foods created and sold in the US. What foods/products are regulated by the USDA? - ✔✔-Mainly meat, poultry, and eggs - also food that crosses state boundaries or involves more than one state. But under it's umbrella also falls the Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, which established dietary guidelines and the food and nutrition service which administers SNAP benefits. You can only draft five pieces of advice for weight loss. Which do you choose? - ✔✔--Reduce processed foods -Increase activity -When you want food, ask yourself, "am I hungry?" -Eat 5 small meals to maintain energy throughout the day, -Limit sugary drinks. (Pick the top 5, more may be good, but pick the Best) Which person is most likely to lose weight and keep it off? - ✔✔-One who sticks to their diet long term. Which is true about weight loss? - ✔✔-10% reduction in total weight has consistently been shown to improve health and decrease risk. Ex: A 180 lb person would need to lose 18 lbs (down to 162 lbs), a 265 lb person would need to lose 26.5 lbs (down to 238.5 lbs), a 430 lb person would need to lose 43 lbs (down to 397) Which is likely NOT an appropriate, sustainable weight goal? - ✔✔-To lose 20 pounds in a month and be envied by friends Examples of appropriate, sustainable weight loss goals - ✔✔--to reduce risk of chronic disease -to increase energy level -to be able to be more physically active with less joint pain What is true of water intake and weight loss? - ✔✔-There is evidence to support that drinking 48oz of water or more supports weight loss. Which foods are likely appropriate for consistent inclusion on a weight reduction dietary plan? Choose all that apply. - ✔✔-Baked fish Seasoned green vegetables Skinless chicken breast Which are thought to be societal factors in the obesity epidemic? Choose all that apply. - ✔✔--More desk based, low activity jobs. -Increasing size of food portions at restaurants and at home. -Increased consumption of processed foods. Obesity messages to adolescents: - ✔✔--Focus on a healthy diet, not weight loss diets. -Reinforce healthy behavior -Don't reward with food -Watch consumption of media messages determine content, credibility, etc. What is INAPPROPRIATE advice to a family of a 14-year-old with anorexia? - ✔✔-Serve separate meals to different family members. (Everyone should eat a well-balanced meal together) What is true of physical activity, in conjunction with diet, to support weight loss? - ✔✔-Patients should strive for 90 minutes of moderate physical activity at least 3 times a week. What is a legal supplement body builder take in an effort to increase muscle mass and increase nitrogen retention? - ✔✔-Protein powder (an Ergogenic aid [Show More]

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