WGU C963 Unit questions and answers, 100% Accurate, rated A+

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WGU C963 Unit questions and answers, 100% Accurate, rated A+ What is it called when people make an agreement between themselves and the government? - ✔✔- Social contract According to the soci... al contract theory, what is the origin of society? - ✔✔-Society is the product of human desire and effort Which of the following did John Locke view as the most important protection(s) under the social contract? - ✔✔-Liberty and property Which of these accurately describes John Locke's view of the state of nature? - ✔✔-peaceful and consisted of rational human beings According to John Locke, how much authority should society have over its citizens under the social contract? - ✔✔-Limited authority The primary goal of the Articles of Confederation - ✔✔-was to limit the powers of the national government, thus providing for greater state sovereignty. The structure of the national government under the Articles of Confederation - ✔✔-did not mirror our current structure of government, demonstrating the need for multiple branches of government. The Articles of Confederation - ✔✔-limited the powers of the national government too much, ultimately making it too weak to function. At its foundation, the major problem with the Articles of Confederation was that - ✔✔-in the effort to limit the possibility of tyranny by the national government, the national government was not given enough power to effectively function. Because the national government was limited under what it could do under the Articles of Confederation - ✔✔-the United States had a weak economy and an international reputation of being weak among other countries. In order for the United States to survive - ✔✔-the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation had to be addressed with the Constitutional Convention. At its foundation, the major problem with the Articles of Confederation was that - ✔✔-in the effort to limit the possibility of tyranny by the national government, the national government was not given enough power to effectively function. Because the national government was limited under what it could do under the Articles of Confederation - ✔✔-the United States had a weak economy and an international reputation of being weak among other countries. In order for the United States to survive - ✔✔-the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation had to be addressed with the Constitutional Convention. The Virginia Plan called for a - ✔✔-bicameral legislature consisting of two chambers with representation based on population. The New Jersey Plan opposed the Virginia Plan because - ✔✔-smaller states feared their interests would be pushed aside by the more populous states. The New Jersey Plan called for a - ✔✔-unicameral legislature in which states would have the same representation regardless of population. The Great Compromise satisfied the concerns over proper representation in the legislature by - ✔✔- creating a bicameral legislature. The Three-Fifths Compromise satisfied the concerns of the South over the counting of their slave population by - ✔✔-allowing 60% of the slave population to be counted for state representation and tax purposes. What are social contracts constructed to be compatible with? - ✔✔-Human Nature and Natural Rights Which of these describes the theory of the social contract? - ✔✔-Society is not natural, but created by the people. What conditions are required for a social contract to work? - ✔✔-* Consensus among those whom the social contract applies to * Uniformity of ability and purpose among those who agree to the social contract Which statements are true concerning the state of nature? - ✔✔-* Is a thought experiment upon which a definition of proper society and government are built * Permits a philosophical definition of human nature. Which statements are true about natural rights? - ✔✔-* They impart an equality of being among all people. * They let you do what you need to survive and be secure. What is the purpose of a social contract? - ✔✔-To acknowledge and protect natural rights Why is it important to know what the quality of life is like in the state of nature? - ✔✔-* It helps to frame the type of social contract that is needed to make individual life better. * It explains the incentive for working cooperatively with others. Which statements describes characteristics of a social contract? - ✔✔-* A definition of human nature * A collective expression of a collectively shared interest * A specification of natural rights In what way is the state of nature important for constructing a social contract? - ✔✔-* The state of nature gives definition to natural rights. * The state of nature gives definition to what it means to be human. Which natural right was explicitly protected in the Declaration of Independence? - ✔✔-Liberty Which Constitutional principle, suggested by Montesquieu, lessens the potential harm of the national government over the people? - ✔✔-Separation of powers Which Constitutional mechanism, suggested by Montesquieu, balances the national government and prevents any one section of government from having sole/complete power? - ✔✔-Checks and balances Which of the following protects Locke's idea of natural rights and provides Montesquieu's protections known as due process of law? - ✔✔-The Bill of Rights Which was designed with a concern for the tyranny of factional majority? - ✔✔-The constitution What is the Enlightenment? - ✔✔-* A period of Western European history following the Middle Ages. * The source of our ideas about natural rights. Why does the Enlightenment influence American politics and government? - ✔✔-* The colonists have a long history of self-government, consistent with the Enlightenment's ideas about government by consent. * Ideas of the Enlightenment frame the colonists' response to British violations of natural rights. * Those immigrating to the American colonies are attracted to the Enlightenment's ideas of liberty and property. How do conflicting ideas of the Enlightenment influence American government and politics? - ✔✔-* The protection of private property can interfere with the government's dealing with important social needs. * The Constitution sets up a system of government that isn't favorable to the democratic expression of the popular will. Which ideas are embodied in the Declaration of Independence? - ✔✔-* The idea that governments are created by people to protect their natural rights * The natural rights of life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness In what key ways does the Constitution differ from the Declaration of Independence? - ✔✔-* The Constitution makes justice more important than liberty. * The Constitution is more concerned with controlling rather than expressing the popular will. What type of rights are contained in the Bill of Rights? - ✔✔-* The Bill of Rights contains procedural rights. * The Bill of Rights contains natural rights. The Constitution's first three articles create separate legislative, executive and judicial branches, is consistent with? - ✔✔-Montesquieu's theory for the separation of political power The Constitution's demotion of liberty, and lack of protections for natural rights, suggests the framers were what? - ✔✔-More interested in the practicalities of government. How is the unicameral Congress different from a bicameral Congress? - ✔✔-A unicameral Congress has one chamber while a bicameral Congress has two. What was the basis of representation in Congress under the Articles of Confederation? - ✔✔-Each state had one vote in the Congress. Why were the powers of the national government severely limited under the Articles of Confederation? - ✔✔-To prevent the national government from becoming too powerful or abusing the rights of individual citizens and states. Why was limiting the powers of the national government under the Articles of Confederation a major concern? - ✔✔-It maintained the sovereignty of state governments. Which power did the national government have under the Articles of Confederation? - ✔✔-To manage relationships with Indian tribes Although the national government had the power to declare war under the Articles of Confederation, how was this specific power limited? - ✔✔-There was no national military from which to draw soldiers. Why was the national government given power to regulate trade with the Native Americans under the Articles of Confederation? - ✔✔-Because Native Americans were not considered citizens of the United States and were treated as foreign nations. Why were foreign governments reluctant to loan money to the United States during the time of the Articles of Confederation? - ✔✔-Since the national government lacked the ability to tax its citizens, foreign governments feared that the national government would not be able to repay the loans. What was a major weakness of the Articles of Confederation? - ✔✔-Congress could not enlist men for a national army. Why did the Articles of Confederation provide for such a weak national government? - ✔✔-The colonists/citizens of the United States were afraid of a strong central government. What was one reason why it was necessary to replace the Articles of Confederation? - ✔✔-The United States lacked the military forces to defend the new country. What powers did the national government have under the Articles of Confederation? - ✔✔-* The power to declare war * The power to borrow and coin money * The power to settle disputes among different states After the Articles of Confederation went into effect, how was the British government able to continue impacting what would happen in the United States? - ✔✔-* The British government could refuse to accept the currency of the United States as a means to pay off any lingering debts. * The British government was able to form individual relationships with the states *The British government was able to put pressure on the states through its occupation of land west of the United States. Ultimately, why did the Articles of Confederation fail? - ✔✔-* It weakened the economy of the United States. *It harmed the international reputation of the United States. *It weakened the powers of the national government too much. The power to draft soldiers under the Articles of Confederation required the national government to do which of the following? - ✔✔-* Ask each state to send troops any time they wanted to engage in war *Appoint senior officials What best describes the differences between the Virginia and New Jersey Plans in the role of federal and state sovereignty? - ✔✔-* The Virginia Plan advocated for more powers for the central government. * Supporters of the New Jersey Plan advocated for states to retain power over the national government while supporters of the Virginia Plan wanted the national government to legislate for the states and even veto laws passed by state legislatures. * Supporters of the New Jersey Plan believed that the states were best suited to represent the needs of the citizens while supporters of the Virginia Plan believed that effective representation could happen at the national level. Which plan for representation in the national legislature advocated for the voice of less populous states? - ✔✔-The New Jersey Plan Which plan for representation argued for greater representation for the more populous states? - ✔✔- The Virginia Plan What best describes the ideas and beliefs of federal and state sovereignty in the Virginia Plan? - ✔✔-* The Virginia Plan not only sought to give more representation to populous states, it also advocated for a national government that would legislate for the states. * Supporters of the Virginia Plan believed that a strong national government was vital to the success of the United States. The motivation for those who introduced and promoted the Virginia Plan was - ✔✔-To shift more power to the national government. In proposing the New Jersey Plan, its proponents were interested in what? - ✔✔-Maintaining the structure of the Articles of Confederation and basing representation on the states Resting at the heart of the debate over the Virginia and New Jersey plans was - ✔✔-A disagreement over the national government being representative of the people or of the states Which of the following accurately describes the outcome of the Great Compromise? - ✔✔-The Great Compromise created a bicameral legislature. The Great Compromise sought to balance: - ✔✔-The ideological differences over representation of the people or of the states. Under the terms of the original Constitution, what would happen to a slave who escaped and fled to another state? - ✔✔-Runaway slaves could be reclaimed by their owners and taken back. Which of these compromises were struck during the Constitutional Convention over how slaves would be counted in a state's population? - ✔✔-The Three-Fifths Compromise What effect did the Fugitive Slave Clause (Clause 3, Article IV of the Constitution) have? - ✔✔-It allowed slave owners to reclaim their slaves even if they fled to other states. What debate did the Great Compromise settle so that the Constitutional Convention could continue? - ✔✔-The Great Compromise settled the debate between the large states and small states over state representation in the legislative branch. How do checks and balances keep the branches of government from abusing its power? - ✔✔-* Checks and balances require the different branches of government to work together. * Checks and balances allow each branch of government the ability to restrict other branches of government In what ways does Article I of the Constitution prevent the national government from engaging in taxation without representation? - ✔✔-* Both the House and Senate must approve of all revenue bills. * All bills to raise revenue must begin in the House of Representatives. How was slavery involved in the Constitutional Convention? - ✔✔-Representatives from the North were adamant that slaves not be counted towards a state's population while Southerners insisted that they be counted What are specific powers given to Congress in Article I of the Constitution? - ✔✔-* The power to tax * The power to declare war * The power to regulate trade and commerce To reinforce the representational differences in the national bicameral legislature, the Great Compromise required that: - ✔✔-Members of the House of Representatives be selected by the voters, and members of the Senate be selected by the state legislatures. The most important structural outcome of the Great Compromise was: - ✔✔-The creation of a bicameral national legislature, with each chamber representing a different type of political actor. The Three-Fifths Compromise worked to: - ✔✔-Increase the representation of Southern states in the House of Representatives. . The Anti-Federalist insistence on a Bill of Rights resulted from: - ✔✔-The view that the Constitution offered little protection for liberty or natural rights. . As a compromise to win support for ratification of the Constitution from the Anti-Federalists, the Federalists agreed to: - ✔✔-Add a bill of rights to the Constitution Which of the following arguments would be more likely to be advanced by an Anti-Federalist? - ✔✔-In small republics, similarities among members of the community lead them to similar issue positions, making it easier for elected officials to represent the views of their constituents. The name of the series of essays published beginning in 1787 that argued in support of a strong federal government and the ratification of the Constitution was: - ✔✔-The federalist papers Why did the Federalists want to make the national government as strong as possible? - ✔✔-* To provide more protection for the United States against potential threats. * To build and maintain a strong economy. Why did the Anti-Federalists want the government to remain closer to the people? - ✔✔-* To prevent the possibility of government tyranny. * To keep the wealthy elites from having complete power. Why did the Anti-Federalists advocate for the addition of the Bill of Rights to the Constitution? - ✔✔-* To explicitly protect the rights of individuals. * To prevent tyranny over the people by the national government. Which Constitutional change was not advocated by the Federalists? - ✔✔-The addition of the Bill of Rights Which constitutional mechanism discussed in Federalist, no. 51 discusses the powers that each branches of government has in order to impact how the other branches of government operate? - ✔✔-Checks and balances Which of these options helped the Federalists gain more support for their theories of a representative government with increased national powers? - ✔✔-The Federalist Papers In Federalist no. 51, Madison argues for the division of government authority to each branch of government. What is this known as? - ✔✔-Separation of powers What does the power of judicial review permit the courts to do? - ✔✔-Determine the constitutionality of a Congressional Act Which statement is true concerning the powers of the president as chief diplomat? - ✔✔-The president is in charge of negotiating treaties. Who has the power to approve treaties ? - ✔✔-Legislative Branch Commaner in Chief - ✔✔-the executive branch Who has the power to deal with international trade? - ✔✔-Legislative branch Power to ensure that laws agree with the Constitution - ✔✔-Judicial branch Power to carry out the laws of the land - ✔✔-Executive branch Who has the power to grant a pardon? - ✔✔-President of the US Who has the most important role in foreign policy? - ✔✔-The president On which branch of government does the Constitution provide the most detail as it relates to powers? - ✔✔-Congress Which entity has the power to execute laws passed by Congress? - ✔✔-The president and officials in the executive branch are in charge of executing the laws passed by Congress Why did the founding fathers provide so little detail for the judiciary? - ✔✔-The Founding Fathers provided little detail for the judiciary because they understood the role of courts and the judicial system from the English system and the colonial period. How long is the term for federal judges? - ✔✔-Judges serve during times of good behavior. Which check limits the power of Congressional law-making? - ✔✔-The president's power to veto is a limitation to Congressional law-making. Which power is a congressional check on the other branches? - ✔✔-The ability to override a presidential veto Which of these groups approve presidential nominees? - ✔✔-the senate Which statement is true regarding executive orders - ✔✔-Executive orders enable the president to balance Congress's lawmaking power Who decides how the government budgets and spends money - ✔✔-It is approved by both Congress and the president Why did the Founding Fathers develop the system of checks and balances? - ✔✔-The Founding Fathers feared a government that would be too strong. Which of these was intended as part of the system of checks and balances? - ✔✔-The ability of the president to veto acts of Congress was intended as part of the system of checks and balances Which is true of the impeachment process? - ✔✔-The impeachment process involves a majority vote in the House of Representatives, followed by a hearing in the Senate requiring a two-thirds vote to remove an individual. Which is true concerning executive agreements with foreign countries? - ✔✔-Executive agreements are valid only as long as the political leaders from both countries are in power. What is a federal system? - ✔✔-It is a division of power between national government and state governments with both levels have specific powers. Which statement characterizes a unitary system of government? - ✔✔-The central government controls the allocation of funds spent at the local level. What is a power reserved to the states under the Constitution? - ✔✔-The power to structure state governments is reserved to the states. Which power is a reserved power of the national government under the Constitution? - ✔✔-The power to regulate international trade is reserved to the national government. What is a key role of supreme courts in a federal system? - ✔✔-A key role of supreme courts is to resolve disputes between the national government and the state governments. Which statement is true of unitary and federal systems? - ✔✔-The state and national governments can tax individuals. Which statement is true regarding the federal system of government? - ✔✔-Federalist systems work best In countries that are large and diverse. Which statement about federal and unitary systems is most accurate? - ✔✔-In a federal system, powers are divided between states and national governments. In a unitary system, all power is held within the national government. Which concept is an Enlightenment idea that influenced the leaders of the American Revolution? - ✔✔- Social contract How does the Bill of Rights reflect the influence of Enlightenment ideas on the Constitution? - ✔✔-The Bill of Rights explicitly listed individual freedoms. What describes the general structure of the U.S. government under the Articles of Confederation? - ✔✔- It was an alliance of independent states under a limited central government. What was a major problem with the Articles of Confederation? - ✔✔-The national government did not have the power to impose taxes. What describes Clause 3 of Article IV, Section 2 in the Constitution? - ✔✔-Slave owners could reclaim their slaves in states where they had fled Which major compromise was made at the Constitutional Convention? - ✔✔-The proportional representation of enslaved persons What describes the opposing views in the debates between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists? - ✔✔- Federalists favored a strong central government while the Anti-Federalist favored strong state governments. What is an argument outlined in Federalist, no. 10? - ✔✔-The diverse interests of the people would prevent the development of powerful interests. How do the branches of government operate under the concept of checks and balances? - ✔✔-The branches of government must cooperate to function, and each branch can restrict the others branches' powers. Which of these statements is correct about Congress's oversight authority? - ✔✔-Oversight is not a specifically enumerated power, but rather is implied in Article I. Which of these is an example of Congress exercising its power under the Commerce Clause? - ✔✔- Requiring that bus lines serve all customers equally Which of these is a true statement concerning federal income tax? - ✔✔-Federal income tax required the ratification of a constitutional amendment, after the Supreme Court ruled that a previous attempt to tax income was unconstitutional. What is the major difference between congressional budget committees and appropriations committees? - ✔✔-While the budget committees set overall spending limits, the appropriation committees are responsible for recommending specific allocations of funds. How has the Constitution's Interstate Commerce Clause been interpreted? - ✔✔-Very broadly, forming the justification for much of Congress's modern-day economic regulation Under the Constitution, who has the power related to war and peace? - ✔✔-The power over war and peace is shared by the president and both houses of Congress What is impeachment? - ✔✔-Impeachment is a formal accusation of treason, bribery or other "high crime or misdemeanor" made by the House before a trial is held in the Senate. Which of these most accurately describes checks and balances? - ✔✔-Each branch can restrain the others through a system of shared powers. Which of the following enumerated powers of Congress are generally regarded as responses to the weaknesses of the national legislature under the Articles of Confederation? - ✔✔-* exclusive power to coin money * power to regulate commerce Which of these functions do congressional committees serve? - ✔✔-Congressional committees allow members of Congress to become experts on selected matters by concentrating their work on a few committees. What is a key role of standing committees in the House and the Senate? - ✔✔-To give a detailed hearing to all proposed legislation Which of these statements describes one major different between a joint committee and a conference committee? - ✔✔-A conference committee meets to consider one specific piece of legislation that has been passed in different forms in the two houses; a joint committee can be permanent. Which of these statements describes a key difference between the House Rules Committee and the Senate Rules Committee? - ✔✔-The Rules Committee in the House typically limits debate, but the Rules Committee in the Senate does not. What happens when the president vetoes a piece of legislation? - ✔✔-He must send the bill back to the originating house with his objections to it. The bill will only become law if both houses vote to override by a two-thirds vote. Which of these is the most accurate statement about the process of a bill's becoming a law? - ✔✔-The process is complex and full of steps, at any of which a bill may die and have to begin the process again. Which of these statements is correct about the Senate? - ✔✔-The Senate has a tradition of unlimited debate that can only be overcome by super-majority votes. What gives a bill a better chance of becoming law? - ✔✔-A bill has a a better chance of becoming law if it receives a favorable report and vote from committees in the House and Senate. What is essential for a bill to become a law? - ✔✔-To become a law, it is essential for a bill to pass both the House and the Senate in identical form. Where are most bills prevented from becoming laws? - ✔✔-In the committees of the House and Senate What is a key difference between standing committees and select committees? - ✔✔-Standing committees continue from one session of Congress to the next, whereas select committees are temporary. What is the purpose of a conference committee? - ✔✔-A conference committee is convened to resolve differences in bills from the House of Representatives and the Senate. What is a key role of the appropriations committees in the House of Representatives and the Senate? - ✔✔-One key role of the appropriations committees in the House of Representatives and the Senate is to provide funding for specific projects, agencies, or programs in proposed legislation What is the Constitutional importance of the census for Congress? - ✔✔-The census provides population figures for the apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives How has reapportionment after the census affected the makeup of the House of Representatives? - ✔✔-Reapportionment permits state legislatures to redraw boundaries to favor the majority party leading to changes in the makeup of the House of Representatives. Which of these statements best describes the ruling of the Supreme Court on the issue of statistical sampling during a census? - ✔✔-The Supreme Court disallowed statistical sampling, saying that the Constitution requires an "actual enumeration." Which of these statements is most accurate about the creation of majority-minority districts? - ✔✔- Majority-minority districts can lead to the election of minority candidates in some districts, but often this is at the expense of diluting minority-vote strength in other districts. What was the ruling in the Supreme Court case Miller v. Johnson? - ✔✔-The ruling was that race may not be the "dominant and controlling" motivation in redistricting. Which of these correctly describes the process of redistricting? - ✔✔-Redistricting is a complex process that is subject to constitutional restraint [Show More]

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