EPPP Practice Exam Questions & Answers, 100% Accurate, Graded A+

EPPP Practice Exam Questions & Answers, 100% Accurate, Graded A+ J. Berry acculturation, integration - ✔✔-J. Barry conceptualizes acculturation as many models existing on a continuum, with the minority culture and t ...

EPPP Practice Exam Questions & Answers, 100% Accurate, Graded A+ J. Berry acculturation, integration - ✔✔-J. Barry conceptualizes acculturation as many models existing on a continuum, with the minority culture and the majority or mainstream culture at opposite poles. Integration would be displayed by an individual who has high retention of the minority culture and high maintenance of the mainstream culture. Lenore Walker cycle of violence, battered women - ✔✔-Lenore Walker describes a cycle of violence that involves three stags: tension building, acute battering incident, and loving contrition. According to Walker, most of the benefits of the relationship occur in the third stage, when the batterer offers apologies, assurances that the attacks will never happen again, and declarations of love. The relationship tends to remain stable when the balance between the costs of the abuse and the benefits of the relationship are fairly similar. As violence escalates, the relationship becomes more unstable, and the man escalates his charming behavior in an attempt to restore stability. behavioral contrast effect - ✔✔-If we are reinforced for performing two different operants, and reinforcement for one of these behaviors stops, we tend to increase the rate of the remaining reinforced behavior. That is probably because the reinforcement that remains seems to become more valuable. doctrine of comparable worth - ✔✔-States that workers (in particular, men and women) should get equal pay for performing jobs that have equivalent worth (use job evaluation) M. Seligman theory of learned optimism - ✔✔-In Seligman's theory of learned optimism, attributions of optimistic people are believed to be the opposite of attributions of depressed people. Since depressed people make internal, stable, and global attributions to negative events, optimistic people would tend to make external, unstable, and specific attributions in response to negative events. Therefore, we can readily eliminate "B" ("I didn't study enough") since that's an internal attribution. Choice "C" ("the teacher is always a tough grader") is a stable attribution. That leaves Choices "A" ("I was unlucky") and Choice "D" ("the test was hard this time") - which are both external and unstable attributions. Of the two, however, Choice "D" is better since being unlucky would imply that success is a matter of luck. Course of Antisocial Personality Disorder - ✔✔-The symptoms of Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD), particularly criminal behaviors, often become less evident as an individual grows older (DSM-TR-IV, p. 704). APD has a chronic course and while some symptoms like criminal behaviors may decrease, other symptoms such as difficulties with interpersonal relationships may persist. (See: Paris, J. (2004). Personality disorders over time: Implications for therapy, American Journal of Psychotherapy, 58(4), 420-429.) Group polarization - ✔✔-A group's decisions tend to be more extreme (in one direction or the other) than those that would be made by individuals in the group acting alone. This phenomenon is referred to as group polarization. One explanation for group polarization is that group members are more willing to support extreme decisions because, as group members, they won't have to take as much personal responsibility for their decisions as they would if they were acting alone. Solomon's four group design - ✔✔-a true experimental design used to evaluate the effects of pretesting, since some groups are pretested and others are not. MANOVA - ✔✔-A MANOVA (multivariate analysis of variance) is used to analyze the effects of one or more independent variables on two or more dependent variables that are each measured on an interval or ratio scale. factorial ANOVA - ✔✔-A factorial ANOVA (a.) is used to analyze data when a factorial design, which includes two or more independent variables, is used and the dependent variable is measured on an interval or ratio scale. Factorial designs also allow for the assessment of both main effects (the effects of each independent variable considered individually) and interaction effects (the effects of each variable at the different levels of the other variable). The study described in this question has two "significant main effects" for the independent variables: type of reading program and past level of reading comprehension. And a "significant interaction effect" means that the effects of the different reading programs varied significantly for students at different reading levels. For example, "Reading Program A" may have been highly effective for above average students, moderately effective for average students, yet ineffective for below average students. On the other hand, "Reading Program B" may have been only effective for below average students, while "Reading Program C" may not have been effective for any students. One-Way ANOVA - ✔✔-A one-way ANOVA (c.) is used when a study has one independent variable and more than two independent groups. Split-Plot (mixed) ANOVA - ✔✔-The split-plot (mixed) ANOVA (d.) is the appropriate technique when at least one independent variable is a between-groups variable and another independent variable is a within-subjects variable. experiment wise error rate - ✔✔-alpha (chance of Type I error) for all analyses done on a data set capitation - ✔✔-A common method of reimbursement used primarily by health maintenance organizations in which the provider or medical facility is paid a fixed, per capita amount for each individual enrolled in the plan, regardless of how many or few services the patient uses. time-series quasi-experimental design - ✔✔--Used when only ONE group is available to study over a longer period of time -Useful for determining trends over time -Data are collected multiple times before the introduction of the treatment ot establish a baseline point of reference on outcomes. -The experimental treatment is introduced and data are collected multiple times afterward to determine a change from baseline. -The broad range and number of data-collection points helps rule out alternative explanations, such as history effects. -Potential threats to Internal validity: Testing--b/c of multiple data-collection points, maturation and selection--b/c lack of control group Transvestic fetishism - ✔✔-heterosexual male has recurrent intense sexually arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors involving cross dressing. Exhibitionism - ✔✔-exposing of one's genitals to an unsuspecting stranger Gender Identity Disorder - ✔✔-strong and persistent cross-gender identification with evidence of clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning. cognitive dissonance - ✔✔-The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes. A person is motivated to reduce the negative, aversive state that results when his or her cognitions conflict with each other. From the perspective of this theory, the poor client paying a very high fee would experience a state of dissonance. Therefore, this client, more than those in the other responses, would be motivated to believe that he or she is benefitting from therapy. Sleep patterns of persons with/at-risk of depression - ✔✔-Research has found that depression is most associated with a more rapid onset of REM sleep, decreased percentage of slow wave sleep, and increased percentage of REM sleep. The research also suggests that individuals with no prior history of depression but who have rapid REM onset have an increased risk of developing depression (e.g., D. Giles, D. Kupfer, A. Rush, & H. Roffwarg, Controlled comparison of electrophysiological sleep in families of probands with unipolar depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1998, 155(2), 192-199). blocking - ✔✔-Blocking occurs when a CS is presented simultaneously with a second stimulus just before the US. Although it would seem that the second stimulus should acquire the properties of a CS from this procedure, that's not what happens. Instead, the second stimulus does not produce a conditioned response. Alderian - ✔✔-For Adlerians, a desire to belong is a primary motivator of behavior, but this desire may be channeled into the mistaken goals of power, attention, inadequacy, or revenge., Feelings of inferiority contribute to problems in children and adults Teological approach-behavior is shaped by future goals (NOT the past) Innate social interest motivates people, ways to fulfill social responsibility Key Concepts: Inferiority feelings Striving for superiority Style of Life Social Interest Inferiority feeling develop during childhood while striving for superiority. Ways a person tries to compensate for inferiority and achieve superiority determines one's style of life Personality is determined by age 46 Three major life tasks could be: o Love o Friendship o Occupation focus on prevention central limit theorem - ✔✔-the shape of a sampling distribution of means approaches normality as sample size increases extinction - ✔✔-elimination or reduction in the frequency of a response achieved by the removal of the reinforcement maintaining the response. The extinction of temper tantrums would entail ignoring the child's behavior or not reinforcing it with attention. This technique has been found to be effective for reducing temper tantrums. thinning - ✔✔-Continuous schedules, or reinforcing every response, are associated with quick learning, satiation and extinction. The process of thinning, or switching from a continuous to an intermittent schedule, is used to increase the resistance to extinction once a behavior is established. Minuchin's family therpary - ✔✔-Salvador Minuchin's Structural Family Therapy is based on and extends general family systems theory. The goal is to restructure maladaptive family structures, including family subsystems and boundaries. Paresis - ✔✔-The term "paresis" means partial paralysis. Paresis can occur as a result of an injury to the spinal cord that does not result in its severation. Paraplegia - ✔✔-If the spinal cord is severed, the result could be paraplegia (paralysis of the lower limbs) Quadriplegia - ✔✔-(paralysis of all four limbs), hemiplegia - ✔✔-(paralysis of one side of the body), depending on the location of the lesion Dialectal behavior therapy treatment - ✔✔-Linnehan uses dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) in the treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder. DBT is a type of cognitive behavioral therapy that emphasizes social skills training, self-soothing exercises, and group dynamics. The patient is offered intensive individual and group sessions that are a combination of psychoeducation and cognitive therapy. DBT has been shown to reduce hospitalization and self-mutilating behavior (Linnehan, Heard, and Armstrong, 1993). Schizophrenia Type I - ✔✔--positive symptoms (delusions or hallucinations, inappropriate affect, and disorganized thinking) -neurotransmitter abnormalities or irregularities Schizophrenia Type II - ✔✔-mainly negative symptoms, worse premorbid functioning, earlier onset, worse recovery, worse response to medication, believed due to a structural brain problem MANOVA - ✔✔-used when two or more dependent variables are included in a study. Rather than using separate ANOVAs to evaluate the effects of each of the dependent variables, a researcher could use the MANOVA when all the dependent variables are measured on a ratio or interval scale. This also helps to control the experiment-wise error rate. Bronfenbrenner's ecological model - ✔✔--microsystem: immediate environment, face-to-face rx (rx w/ parents, siblings, school, neighbors, etc) -mesosystem: interactions btwn components of microsystem (influence of family on bx at school) -exosystem: broader environ that affects child's environ (parents' workplace, school board, community, media) -macrosystem: overarching environ influences (cultural beliefs/practice, econ conditions, political ideologies) -chronosystem: environ events over lifetime that impact them (immediate and LT effects of change in family structure/ SES) Item characteristic curve - ✔✔-curve developed in Item Response Theory to represent the probability of getting an item correct based on test-taker characteristics; the slope of the curve is representative of how well the item differentiates/discriminates test-takers on the measured characteristic; position of the curve (left vs right) is representative of the item difficulty, and the Y-intercept is the probability of answering the item correctly just by guessing (answer A). self-verification theory - ✔✔-a theory that people want others to perceive them as they perceive themselves, regardless of whether they see themselves in a positive or negative light; holds that people strive for stable, subjectively accurate beliefs about the self because such beliefs give them a sense of coherence. item response theory - ✔✔-a mathematical approach to choosing test items in which the probability of a positive response to an item is determined by the person's estimated position on the underlying trait being measured, as well as by characteristics of the item -theoretical basis of computer adaptive assessment, in which tests tailored to the examinee's ability level are computer generated Overall, more reliable estimate of ability is obtained using shorter test with fewer items - you need a bank of items that have been systematically evaluated for level of difficulty -invariance of item parameters, holds that the characteristics of items should be the same for all theoretically equivalent groups of subjects chosen from the same population. Thus, any culture-free test should demonstrate such invariance; i.e., a set of items shouldn't have a different set of characteristics for minority and non-minority subgroups. For this reason, item response theory has been applied to the development of culture-free tests -research supports the notion that the assumptions of item response theory only hold true for very large samples - dexedrine - ✔✔-an isomer of amphetamine (trade name Dexedrine) used as a central nervous system stimulant, used in treatment of ADHD dolophine - ✔✔-used in treatment of heroin addiction depakote - ✔✔-mood stabilizer, used in treatment of biploar disorder tegretol - ✔✔-Mood Stabilizer, treatment of bipolar disorder relationship of fluid and crystallized intelligence - ✔✔-Cattell and Horn distinguish between fluid and crystallized intelligence. The former is independent of specific instruction and is relatively culture free, while the latter depends on exposure to education and is affected by cultural experiences. Cattell and Horn believed that these two aspects of intelligence