ADC Exam 3, Questions and answers, 100% Accurate. Verified. Rated A Beyond the culture of the client, what i

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ADC Exam 3, Questions and answers, 100% Accurate. Verified. Rated A Beyond the culture of the client, what is another key cultural issue? a. Client's number of generations in the United States b.... Clients living in cultural enclaves c. Culture of the counselor d. Client's primary language - ✔✔-C: Culture of the counselor. Not only do clients bring their culture to the treatment experience, but counselors do as well. A group of professionals also has a culture that consists of shared values, norms, and beliefs. Complicating the clinician's culture further is the language (jargon) used, an emphasis on books, the professional mind-set (way of looking at things), and so on. Health institutions and training facilities are grounded in Western medicine, launched in ancient Greece, emphasizing the central role the human body in disease. Further, objectivity and scientific and empirical methods are the only trusted source of knowledge about diseases and treatment. By 1900, Western medicine began to recognize social contributions to disease, widening the view to issues of diet, lifestyle, employment and income, and family structure, which led to the field of public health. These cultural views make it harder for counselors to recognize symptoms couched in non-Western medical language or to understand a client's concerns and needs. Finally, different assumptions about the clinician-client role model, the etiology of illness, and acceptable treatments offer further relational barriers. What are the two key mental health treatment paradigms of Western medicine? a. Objectivity and the scientific method b. Theoretical and applied practice c. Pharmacological therapy and psychotherapy d. Biological and environmental perspectives - ✔✔-C: Pharmacological therapy and psychotherapy. Biological psychiatry is focused on the biological causes and treatments of psychiatric disorders. The first forms of biological psychiatry appeared in the mid-nineteenth century and paved the way for pharmacological therapy for mental illness. The practice of psychotherapy (or talk therapy) emerged near the end of the nineteenth century with the establishment of psychotherapy (originally psychoanalysis) by Sigmund Freud. Although numerous disparate forms of psychotherapy now exist, all emphasize verbal communication as the basis for treatment. Most modern approaches now combine pharmacological therapy and psychotherapy, referred to as multimodal therapy. However, the emphasis on verbal communication retains the potential for miscommunication and more especially so when counselor and client come from different cultures. Misunderstandings can result in misdiagnoses, treatment conflicts, and noncompliance. Thus, the importance of effective cross-cultural communication continues to assume greater significance. Racism may jeopardize the mental health of minorities in all of the following ways EXCEPT that a. negative racial images and stereotypes adversely affect social and psychological function. b. racism and discrimination result in diminished socioeconomic status, where poverty, crime, and violence affect mental health. c. racism and discrimination lead to physiological changes and psychological distress that affect mental health. d. discrimination and racism limit recreational and leisure opportunities to improve mental health. - ✔✔-D: discrimination and racism limit recreational and leisure opportunities to improve mental health. Discrimination and racism limit recreational and leisure opportunities to improve mental health. While leisure and recreational activities are important to mental health, racism and other forms of discrimination are not typical sources of limiting these resources and opportunities. The terms racism and discrimination refer to attitudes, beliefs, and practices that prejudge and denigrate individuals or groups solely based on disparate phenotypic characteristics (e.g., skin color, hair texture, facial features, etc.) or ethnic minority group affiliation. Despite some improvements, racial discrimination continues and has been documented in the area of health care. Examples include fewer medical diagnostic and treatment procedures for African Americans as compared with whites, demeaning and belittling expressions, and less time and attention given to eliciting and addressing other health care needs. Racism and discrimination can be intentional or unintentional and can be perpetrated by individuals, groups, and institutions. Because racism and discrimination can be insidious and go unrecognized, it is crucial that it be continuously evaluated, especially in cross-cultural situations. What is the trend for cultural diversity in the United States? a. Decreasing slowly but steadily b. Remaining approximately unchanged c. Increasing slowly but steadily d. Increasing rapidly and steadily - ✔✔-D: States.Increasing rapidly and steadily. As recently as 1990, about 23 percent of adults were from ethnic and racial minority groups. By 2025, it is estimated that 40 percent of adults (and 48 percent of children) will be from these same groups. Even among the four most representative ethnic and racial minority groups, great diversity exists. For example, Asians and Pacific Islanders consist of at least forty-three distinct subgroups speaking more than one hundred different languages. Hispanics may be further divided into Central and South Americans, Cubans, Mexican, and Puerto Ricans, among many others. More than five hundred tribes fall under the heading of American Indian or Alaskan Natives, each with different ancestry, cultures, and languages. African Americans are also an increasingly diverse group as immigrants continue to arrive from Africa, the Caribbean, and South America. Degrees of acculturation and mainstream assimilation vary widely. Higher birth and immigration rates have resulted in a 56 percent increase in Hispanics—the fastestgrowing minority group in the United What is the difference between AIDS and HIV? a. HIV can be fatal; AIDS is a nonfatal chronic condition. b. HIV is a common viral illness, while AIDS is a lethal infection. c. HIV is the virus that causes the AIDS syndrome. d. HIV is sexually transmitted, while AIDS is acquired in other ways. - ✔✔-C: HIV is the virus that causes the AIDS syndrome. Human immunodeficiency virus HIV is the virus that causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) syndrome. HIV is the viral agent that causes AIDS, which is the final stage in the HIV disease process. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that more than 918,000 people have AIDS at any given time (2004). The disease continues to be most prevalent among men who have sex with men and intravenous drug users, with these groups collectively accounting for almost four-fifths of all cases of HIV/AIDS. The disease disproportionately affects minorities. While13 percent of the U.S. population is African American, they represented 50 percent of all new HIV infections in 2004. HIV is also spreading rapidly among women and adolescents, with nearly half of new HIV cases reported among females age thirteen to twenty-four, and more than 60 percent among females age thirteen to nineteen. Gay substance abusers are at high risk because they more frequently engage in high-risk sexual behaviors when intoxicated. Although new medications have significantly extended life for many with HIV/AIDS, the treatment protocols are burdensome and expensive. HIV also contributes to poverty, homelessness, and other medical problems. As compared with current older adults, what is the upcoming baby boomer generation (born between 1946 and 1964) expected to have? a. Much lower treatment needs b. Somewhat lower treatment needs c. Somewhat higher treatment needs d. Much higher treatment needs - ✔✔-D: Much higher treatment needs. It has been estimated that, not only will there be a 50 percent increase in the number of seniors needing substance abuse treatment, but there will also be a 70 percent rate of increase in the treatment needed by these older adults. In part, this may be because baby boomers have had a higher baseline of use throughout their lives than the generations that preceded them. In addition, the baby boomer generation and beyond is more racially and ethnically diverse, with all the unique needs this entails. Barriers to treatment among older adults include: (1) high levels of shame; (2) relatives who either rationalize the problem away or are ashamed to acknowledge it on behalf of their loved one; (3) diagnosis and treatment is more difficult because of collateral mental and physical health problems; (4) transportation is more limited; (5) social networks are dwindling; and (6) financial constraints are tighter. When older adults enter treatment, how do their rates of attendance and incidence of relapse, compare to their younger cohorts? a. Much higher attendance and much lower relapse rates b. Somewhat higher attendance and modestly lower relapse rates c. No real difference in attendance or relapse rates d. Much lower attendance and much higher relapse rates - ✔✔-A: Much higher attendance and much lower relapse rates. When the many barriers to entering treatment are overcome, older adults tend to have substantially better attendance and a significantly lower rate of relapse that are found among younger adults in treatment. Research also indicates that these positive performance measures continue, even if older adults are brought into mixed-age treatment settings. However, the optimum outcomes are dependent upon seniors receiving age-appropriate, individualized treatment services. Seniors often do not envision themselves as abusers—particularly when over-the-counter or prescription drugs are at issue—and they often misunderstand problems arising from alcohol and drug interactions. Consequently, many will need to be reached through health promotion, wellness, social services, and other resources that work with older adults. To this end, program providers need to be involved actively with local aging networks, including home- and community-based short- and long-term care providers. These same external resources can often also assist with specialized cultural, ethnic, and language resources as needed. Confidentiality requirements exist to protect client's and their personal lives and information. Without a client signed information release, what is information that can be disclosed? a. A client's enrollment in a treatment program only b. A report of child abuse suspected to be caused by the client c. A client's name, age, gender, and race or ethnicity d. A report of progress to an employer paying for treatment - ✔✔-B: A report of child abuse suspected to be caused by the client. Only mandated reporting information, such as child abuse, can be disclosed without a client's written consent. This includes any information about whether or not a client is receiving treatment or what he or she may be receiving treatment for, even to an employer paying for the treatment. Further, non-court-ordered information cannot be released even to a law enforcement agency or to any other interested party without the client's written consent. A properly informed client is one who is aware of: (1) to whom or what entity the information is being released; (2) the full purpose for the release; (3) the specific information to be released; and (4) when the information release expires. Client confidentiality regarding substance abuse treatment is protected by the Substance Abuse Confidentiality Regulations 42 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations) Part 2 (codified as 42 U.S.C. [United States Code] §290dd-2 and 42 CFR Part 2 (Part 2) and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA, codified as 42 U.S.C. §1320d et seq., 45 CFR Parts 160 and 164). The CAGE questionnaire is a four-question screening tool. What is this screening instrument designed to screen for? a. Cocaine abuse b. Marijuana abuse c. Alcohol abuse d. Heroin abuse - ✔✔-C: Alcohol abuse. The CAGE questionnaire effective and quickly screens for alcohol abuse by asking for a yes or no response to four questions: (1) Have you ever felt the need to cut down on your drinking; (2) do you feel annoyed by people complaining about your drinking; (3) do you ever feel guilty about your drinking; and (4) do you ever drink an eye-opener in the morning to relieve the shakes? Extensive studies reveal that two yes responses will accurately identify 75 percent of the alcoholics who honestly respond to it (and correctly rule out 96 percent of nonalcoholics). The CAGE has been modified to screen for drug abuse by simply replacing the word drinking with drug use in the initial three questions and then delivering the fourth question: Do you use one drug to change the effects of another drug, or do you ever use drugs first thing in the morning to take the edge off? The MAST screening test is a twenty-five-question instrument that is used to explore the degree and severity of a client's problem with which type of abuse? a. Cocaine abuse b. Mescaline abuse c. Methamphetamine abuse d. Alcohol abuse - ✔✔-D: Alcohol abuse. The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) is used in more in-depth interviews as well as in confinement or brief holding scenarios. It is administered to explore a number of important treatment issues: (1) the severity of the alcohol abuse problem; (2) a client's maturity and readiness for treatment; (3) the potential existence of a co-occurring psychiatric disorder; (4) the intervention technique needed to address the presenting problem; (5) the extent of potential support resources (including family, social, educational, and employment resources, along with individual motivation for change); and (6) facilitation of the engagement process leading to treatment. MAST is among the oldest and most accurate alcohol screening instruments and is able to identify dependent drinkers with as much as 98 percent accuracy. Its two drawbacks are (1) it is longer than many other screening tools, and (2) MAST questions explore drinking over a client's lifetime (not just currently), which makes the test less likely to detect early-stage drinking problems. Several variations of the MAST have been developed, including the brief MAST, the short MAST, and the self-administered MAST. The relapse and remitting model addresses cycles of relapse and recovery common to addiction. What else can it be usefully applied to? a. Medication management b. Unemployment c. Issues of anger and violence d. All of the above - ✔✔-D: All of the above. The relapse and remitting model of addiction has been successfully applied to a great many other situations, such as unemployment, poor medication compliance, anger management, and so on. Indeed, virtually any situation that tends to return (relapse) can benefit from this model. The relapse and remitting model recognizes that some issues tend to return cyclically over time. Recognizing this can help both the counselor and the client make advance contingency plans to avoid having a brief lapse return to a full relapse in negative circumstances or behaviors. This is particularly important in addiction management as lapses or relapses in any area of life tend to draw clients back into addiction relapses as well. Therefore, careful recognition and following of relapse-prone issues can result in quality advance planning, prompt responses, and minimization or outright prevention of further concurrent addiction relapse problems as well. The term authentically connected referral network is used in conjunction with case management. How is it BEST defined? a. A resource directory of available community services to call as needed b. A set of defined relationships able to adapt and flexibly meet client needs c. A rolodex with key names and contacts for needed services d. An informal consortium of providers sharing information among each other - ✔✔-B: A set of defined relationships able to adapt and flexibly meet client needs. The term authentically connected referral network refers to a carefully established set of service providers prepared to meet client needs as they evolve. Key elements to the network are: (1) established communication linkages to facilitate timely sharing of information with client consent; (2) a focus on community-wide outcomes, ensuring that best interests are being met and that community education ensures understandings about substance abuse; (3) a primary focus on meeting client needs through collaboration as opposed to exclusionary rules; (4) consistency and credibility in conduct to ensure both interagency and client confidence and trust. The goal is for all network agencies and providers to recognize their valued and essential roles in the addiction treatment process and for clients to recognize this and respond with similar trust and confidence. In providing case management services, beyond providing seamless care and being client focused, what is the primary aim? a. Provide referrals to needed services in as timely a way as possible b. Determine how to integrate needed referrals in a coordinated fashion c. Produce the least-restrictive level of care possible in meeting the client's needs d. Promote client self-determination in identifying and selecting needed services - ✔✔-C: Produce the least-restrictive level of care possible in meeting the client's needs. Although it is important to provide timely and well-coordinated referrals and to encourage client self-determination in this process, it is most important to secure the least-restrictive level of care. In this way, client self-determination is also ensured. To achieve this, clients and case managers must collaborate in selecting among available options. Self-determination is most fully ensured when clients are allowed to take the lead in identifying their needs and in choosing from among resource options that most fully meet their personal goals and lifestyle. Flexibility is important, as is adaptability, to ensure that referral providers and agencies are adequately responsive. Clients should be assessed for their ability to apply for, access, and follow through with selected referrals, with the case manager providing assistance where needed. Informing, educating, and guiding clients through this process can help to ensure an overall least-restrictive level of care. Sensitive interviewing and engagement techniques are important to optimize client responsiveness and investment. What does the ask-tell-ask technique refer to? a. Asking permission of the client to talk with them, telling them of any concerns you have, and then asking for their thoughts on what you shared b. Asking clients what they understand, telling them where they are wrong, and asking again if they understand c. Asking clients for their opinions, telling them where their opinions are valid and workable, and then asking them if they concur d. Asking clients to listen, telling them what they need to know, and asking if they will acquiesce to what is being asked of them - ✔✔-A: Asking permission of the client to talk with them, telling them of any concerns you have, and then asking for their thoughts on what you shared. When making referrals, it is important to carefully inform clients of your concerns and reasons and then to engage them in ways that do not induce obstruction. The ask-tell-ask technique can assist in this. Further, providing ample information, background, and personal insights into referrals can also assist. To this end, it is important for case managers to be intimately familiar with their referrals, having completed site visits, meeting with provider staff, and in other ways becoming well prepared to put clients' concerns to rest. Finally, all substance abuse communications should be conducted away from clients' families and other staff, and any further sharing should take place only after receiving clients' express permission to that end. After referrals are made, it is important to track the associated outcomes for measures of referral success. What are the three MOST important evaluative aspects? a. How, where, and when b. Why, what, and where c. Where, when, and who d. Who, what, and how - ✔✔-D: Who, what, and how. Referrals are of limited value if they do not contribute measurably to important goals and needed outcomes. These measures of success are evaluated by tracking the results of the referral—ideally, by means of a referral form. The who portion of the form identifies the client and the involved counselor. It may also include demographic information as well as information on the substan [Show More]

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