LCSW Exam Section 2- Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment Planning, Exam Recap. Rated A+ Interview techniques - ✔✔--Unive

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LCSW Exam Section 2- Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment Planning, Exam Recap. Rated A+ Interview techniques - ✔✔--Universalization: the generalization or normalization of behavior -Clarifi... cation: reformulate problem in a client's words to make sure that you are on the same page -Confrontation: calling attention to something -Interpretation: pulling together patterns of behavior to get a new understanding -Reframing and relabeling: stating problem in a different way so a client can see possible solutions Component of a biopsychosocial history - ✔✔--Biological section: assesses a client's medical history, developmental history, current medications, substance abuse history, and family history of medical illnesses. -Psychological section: assesses a client's present psychiatric illness or symptoms, history of the current psychiatric illness or symptoms, past or current psychosocial stressors, and mental status; exploration of past treatment(s) -Social section: focuses on client systems, unique client context, and may identify strengths and/or resources available for treatment planning; sexual identity issues/concerns, personal history, family of origin history, support system availability, abuse history, education, legal history, marital/relationship status and concerns, work history, and risks *should also include assessing client's spiritual and cultural factors Beck Depression Inventory - ✔✔-A 21-item test, presented in multiple choice format, that assesses the presence and degree of depression in adolescents and adults The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) - ✔✔-An objective verbal inventory designed as a personality test for the assessment of psychopathology; consists of 550 statements, 16 of which are repeated Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) - ✔✔-A forced-choice, self-report inventory that attempts of classify individuals along four theoretically independent dimensions. The first dimension is a general attitude toward the world, either extraverted (E) or introverted (I). The second dimension, perception, is divided between sensation (S) and intuition (N). The third dimension is that of processing. Once information is received, it is processed in either a thinking (T) or feeling (F) style. The final dimension is judging (J) versus perceiving (P). Rorschach Inkblot Test - ✔✔-Client responses to inkblots are used to assess perceptual reactions and other psychological functioning. It is one of the most widely used projective tests (Side note from me: it is super invalid and unreliable because of its subjectivity) Standford-Binet Intelligence Scale - ✔✔-Designed for the testing of cognitive abilities. It provides verbal, performance, and full scale scores for children and adults Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) - ✔✔-Another widely used projective test. It consists of a series of pictures of ambiguous scenes. Clients are asked to make up stories or fantasies concerning what is happening, has happened, and is going to happen in the scenes, along with a description of their thoughts and feelings. The TAT provides information on a client's perceptions and imagination for use in the understanding of a client's current needs, motives, emotions, and conflicts, both conscious and unconscious. Its use in clinical assessment is generally part of a large battery of tests and interview data. Wechsler Intelligence Scale (WISC) - ✔✔-Designed as a measure of a child's intellectual and cognitive ability. It has four index scales and a full scale score (Side not from me: also one for babies-toddlers) Characteristics of possible client strengths (use during assessment) - ✔✔-1. Cognitive and appraisal skills: intellectual/cognitive ability; creativity, curiousity; initiative, perseverance, patience; common sense; ability to anticipate problems; realistic appraisal of demands and capacities; ability to use feedback 2. Defenses and coping mechanisms: ability to regulate impulses and affect; self-soothing; flexible, can handle stressors 3. Temperamental and dispositional facotrs: belief in trustworthiness of others; belief in justice; selfesteem, self-worth; sense of mastery, confidence, optimism; ability to tolerate ambiguity and uncertainty; ability to make sense of negative events; sense of humor; lack of hostility, anger, anxiety; optimistic, open; ability to grieve; lack of helplessness; responsibility for decisions; sense of direction, mission, purpose 4. Interpersonal skills and supports: ability to develop/maintain good relationships; ability to confide in others; problem-solving skills; capacity for empathy; presence of an intimate relationship; sense of security 5. Other factors: supportive social institutions, such as church; good physical health; adequate income; supportive family and friends Precontemplation - ✔✔-A client is unaware, unable, and/or unwilling to change. In this stage, there is the greatest resistance and lack of motivation. It can be characterized by arguing, interrupting, denial, ignoring the problem, and/or avoiding talking or thinking about it. A client may not even show up for appointments and does not agree that change is needed. Contemplation - ✔✔-A client is ambivalent or uncertain regarding behavior change; thus, his or her behaviors are unpredictable. In this stage, a client may be willing to look at pros and cons of behavior change, but is not committed to working toward it. Indicators that a client may be resistant or not ready/able to fully participate in services - ✔✔--Limiting the amount of information communicated to a social worker -Silence/minimal talking during sessions -Engaging in intellectual talk by using technical terms or abstract concepts or asking questions of a social worker that are not related to client issues or problems -Being preoccupied with past events instead of current issues -Discounting, censoring, or editing thoughts when asked about them by a social worker -False promising -Flattering a social worker in an attempt to "soften" him or her so not to be pushed -Not keeping appointments -Payment delays or refusals Psychopathology - ✔✔-Refers to either the study of mental illness or the manifestation of behaviors that may be indicative of mental illness or psychological impairment Biopsychosocial stress - ✔✔-Results when there is a perceived threat (real or imagined) Can be caused by upsetting events, such as natural disasters, sudden health problems or death, and/or breakups or divorce (past or present); can also be cause by on-going problems such as caring for a parent or child with disabilities Stress may manifest itself in many different ways, such as high blood pressure, sweating, rapid heart rate, dizziness, and/or feelings of irritability or sadness Mental Status Exam - ✔✔-A structured way of observing and describing a client's current state of mind under 8 domains; necessary part of any client assessment. Domains: 1. Appearance: facial expression, grooming, dress, gait 2. Orientation: awareness of time and place, events 3. Speech pattern: slurred, pressured, slow, flat tone, calm 4. Affect/mood: mood as evidenced in both behavior and client's statements-sad, jittery, manic, placid 5. Impulsive/potential for harm: impulse control with special attention to potential suicidality and/or harm to others 6. Judgement/insight: ability to predict the consequences of his/her behavior, to make "sensible" decisions; to recognize his/her contribution to his/her problem 7. Thought processes/reality testing: thinking style and ability to know reality, including the difference between stimuli that are coming from inside him/herself and those that are coming from outside him/herself (statements about delusions, hallucinations, and conclusions about whether or not a client is psychotic would appear here) 8. Intellectual functioning/memory: level of intelligence and of recent and remote memory functions Antipsychotic medications - ✔✔-Typical antipsychotics (1st generation; prescribed less frequently due to severe side effects) -Haldol (haloperidol) -Haldol Decanoate (long-acting injectable) -Loxitane (loxapine) -Mellaril (thioridazine) -Moban (molindone) -Navane (thiothixene) -Prolixin (fluphenazine) -Serentil (mesoridazine) -Stelazine (trifluoperazine) -Thorazine (chlorpromazine) -Trilafon (perpehnazine) Atypical antipsychotics (2nd generation; prescribed more frequently due to less severe side effects) -Abilify (aripriprazole) -Clozaril (clozapine) -Geodon (ziprasidone) -Risperdal (risperidone) -Seroquel (quetiapine) -Zyprexa (olanzapine) Antimanic Agency (Mood Stabilizers) - ✔✔-Used for treatment of Bipolar disorder -Depakene (valproic acid, sodium divalproex), Depakote sprinkles -Lamictal (lamotrigine) -Lithium (lithium carbonate), Eskalith, Lithobid -Tegretol (carbamazepine), Carbatrol -Topamax (toprimate) *Periodic checks of blood levels of lithium as well as thyroid and kidney functioning if taking lithium Antidepressants - ✔✔-Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) -Celexa (citalopram) -Lexapro (escitalopram) -Luvox (fluvoxamine) -Paxil (paroxetine) -Prozac (fluoxetine) -Zoloft (setraline) Tricyclics (not prescribed as often, older drugs) -Anafranil (clomipramine) -Asendin (amoxapine) -Elavil (amitriptyline) -Norpramin (desipramine) -Pamelor (nortriptyline) -Aventyl Sinequan (doxepin) -Surmontil (trimipramine) -Tofranil (imipramine) -Vivactil (protriptyline) Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) -Nardil (phenelzine) -Parnate (tranylcypromine) *Dietary restrictions of food containing high levels of tyramine (aged foods) Others -Effexor (venlafaxine) -Desyrel (trazadone) -Remeron (mirtazapine) -Serzone (nefazodone) -Wellbutrin (bupropion), Zyban Antianxiety Drugs - ✔✔-Used for Anxiety and Panic disorders -Ativan (lorazepam) -Buspar (buspirone) -Klonopin (clonazepam) -Valium (diazepam) -Xanax (alprazolam) *High abuse potential, can be dangerous when combined with alcohol and/or illicit substances. Critical to look for sights of impaired motor or other functioning Stimulants - ✔✔-Used to treat ADHD -Adderall (amphetamine, mixed salts) -Concerta (methylphenidate, long acting) -Dexedrine (dextroamphetamine), Dextrostat -Dexedrine Spansules (dextroamphetamine, long acting) -Metadate (methylphenidate, long acting), Ritalin SR -Ritalin (methylphenidate), Methylin Indicators of positive ego strengths - ✔✔--Acknowledging their feelings-including grief, insecurity, loneliness, and anxiety -Not getting overwhelmed by their moods -Pushing forward after loss and not be paralyzed by self-pity or resentment -Using painful events to strengthen themselves -Knowing that painful feelings will eventually fade -Empathizing with others without trying to reduce or eliminate their pain -Being self-disciplined and fighting addictive urges -Taking responsibility for actions -Holding themselves accountable -Not blaming others -Accepting themselves with their limitations -Setting firm limits even if it means disappointing others or risking rejection -Avoiding people who drain them physically and/or emotionally Other Specified Disorder - ✔✔-Allows a social worker to specify the reason that the criteria for a specific disorder are not met Unspecified Disorder - ✔✔-Allows a social worker the option to forgo specification of why diagnostic criteria is not met Differential Diagnosis - ✔✔-A systematic diagnostic method used to identify the presence of an entity where multiple alternative are possible Circulatory system - ✔✔-The body's transport system. It is made up of a group of organs that transport blood throughout the body. The heart pumps the blood and the arteries and veins transport it. Digestive system - ✔✔-Made up of organs that break down food into protein, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, and fats, which the body needs for energy, growth, and repair Endocrine system - ✔✔-Made up of a group of glands that produce the body's long-distance messengers, or hormones. Hormones are chemicals that control body functions, such as metabolism, growth, and sexual development. Immune system - ✔✔-The body's defense system against infections and diseases. Organs, tissues, cells, and cell products work together to respond to dangerous organisms (like viruses or bacteria) and substances that may enter the body from the environment Lymphatic system - ✔✔-Also a defense system for the body. It filters out organisms that cause disease, produces white blood cells, and generates disease-fighting antibodies. It also distributes fluids and nutrients in the body and drains excess fluids and protein so that tissues do not swell. Muscular system - ✔✔-Made up of tissues that work with the skeletal system to control movement of the body. Some muscles-like those in arms and legs-are voluntary, meaning that an individual decides to move them. Other muscles, like the ones in the stomach, heart, intestines, and other organs are involuntary. This means that they are controlled automatically by the nervous system and hormonesone often does not realize they are at work Nervous system - ✔✔-Made up of the brain, the spinal cord, and nerves. One of the most important systems in the body, the nervous system is the body's control system. It sends, receives, and processes nerve impulses throughout the body. These nerve impulses tell muscles and organs what to do and how to respond to the environment Reproductive system - ✔✔-Allows humans to produce children. Sperm from the male fertilizes the female's eggs, or ovum, in the fallopian tube. The fertilized egg travels from the fallopian tube to the uterus, where the fetus develops over a period of nine mont [Show More]

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