A&P Test 1, Top Exam Questions with

A&P Test 1, Top Exam Questions with accurate answers, rated A+ integumentary system - ✔✔-Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail, largest organ of the human body. epidermis - ✔✔-The outer layer of th ...

A&P Test 1, Top Exam Questions with accurate answers, rated A+ integumentary system - ✔✔-Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nail, largest organ of the human body. epidermis - ✔✔-The outer layer of the skin. dermis - ✔✔-A layer tissue underneath the epidermis of the skin which contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, nerves, sensory receptors, and oil and sweat glands. hypodermis - ✔✔-Also called a subcutaneous layer, this is a layer of fat is located under the dermis of the skin; helps to insulate the body and protects underlying muscles and blood vessels. melanin - ✔✔-A pigment that gives the skin, hair and eyes color and helps protect the body from harmful UV radiation that causes skin cancer. hair follicle - ✔✔-A small tubular cavity in skin containing the root of a hair and is attached to oil glands. nail bed - ✔✔-The portion of the living skin on which the nail plate sits. nail cuticle - ✔✔-Dead, colorless tissue attached to the natural nail plate. nail plate - ✔✔-translucent portion of the nail, extending from the nail root to the free edge; sometimes referred to as the nail body. hair root - ✔✔-The part of the hair located below the surface of the epidermis. Ist degree burn - ✔✔-the Epidermis has been effected 2nd degree burn - ✔✔-The Dermis has been effected 3rd degree Burn - ✔✔-All three layers have been effected Sweat Glands - ✔✔-also called sudoriferous glands, found through the body Melanocytes - ✔✔-Spidery black cells that produce the brown-to-black pigment called melanin. Sebaceous Glands - ✔✔-Ducts that empty into hair follicles, excreting oily substances. found in the dermis Sebum - ✔✔-The product of sebaceous glands. It is a mixture of oily substances and fragmented cells that acts as a lubricant to keep the skin soft and moist. Eccrine Glands - ✔✔-These glands produce sweat. Keratin - ✔✔-Fibrous protein that is responsible for the strength and water resistance of the skin surface. Collagen - ✔✔-A protein that is a main constituent of connective tissue. Melanin - ✔✔-A natural pigment that protects the cells in the skin and in deeper layers from the hazardous effects of UV radiation by absorbing sunlight. Hypodermis - ✔✔-Layer of the skin made up of connective tissue and fat that acts as insulation and padding for the skin. Pore - ✔✔-Made:Tiny openings on top of skin with sweat and oil glands Function: Let sweat and oil come out of skin. Sweat Gland - ✔✔-Made:tubules Function: cool surface of skin to decrease body temperature Diffuse toxins Oil (sebaceous) gland - ✔✔-Made:Fats & protein Sebum=grease Function: Protect body against germs Prevent hair and skin from drying Erector Pilli/Arrector Pilli - ✔✔-Made:Muscles attached to hair Function:makes the hair on a person's arm stand up to keep them warm Blood vessel - ✔✔-Made:Arteries and veins Function:provide nutrients to the skin and help regulate body temperature Nerve - ✔✔-Made:Sensory receptors Variety of nerve receptors Function:Sense change and information about outside environment Adipose tissue (fat molecule) - ✔✔-Made:fat Function:Insulate the body from heat and cold provides padding an energy storage area Hair follicle - ✔✔-Made:hair Function:regulating body temperature Functions of skin: Temperature Maintenance - ✔✔-The production perspiration by sweat glands help to lower the temperature back to normal. Protection - ✔✔-Skin covers the body and acts as a physical barrier that protects underlying tissue from physical cut, bacterial invasions, dehydration and sunburn. Vitamin D Production/Excretion - ✔✔-The skin gets rid of small amount of water, slats, and other organic compounds. Sensory Reception - ✔✔-(sensitivity) The skin contains numerous nerve endings that detect stimuli related to temperature, touch, pressure, and pain. Melanin - ✔✔-Melain= a pigment produce by melanocytes to produce skin color Ranges in color from yellow to reddish brown to black When exposed to sun, melanocytes produce more melanin=tanning. Carotene - ✔✔-orange yellow pigment that build up in epidermal cells mostly in light-skinned individuals found in carrots and other orange, deep, yello, or leafy green vegetables Hemoglobin (Blood supply) - ✔✔-ed pigment in red blood cells when bound to oxygen, they are bright red which is noticed in light-skinned individuals when blood vessels dilate (open), color is seen more When blood vessels consolute (close) there is less oxygen so blood is dark red Nail - ✔✔- melanin - ✔✔-skin pigment dermis - ✔✔-true layer; contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles epidermis - ✔✔-outer layer of skin athlete's foot - ✔✔-contagious; fungal infection acne - ✔✔-bacterial infection of sebaceous glands sebaceous glands - ✔✔-oil glands sebum - ✔✔-oil subcutaneous layer - ✔✔-fat layer direct sunlight - ✔✔-primary cause of skin cancer third degree burn - ✔✔-involves destruction of epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layer sudoriferous glands - ✔✔-sweat glands Keratinocytes - ✔✔-The most abundant epidermal cells, they function mainly to produce keratin. Dermis - ✔✔-Dense, irregular connective tissue consisting of two regions - the papillary and the reticular areas. Apocrine Glands - ✔✔-Secrete milky protein that acts as a nutrient medium for the microorganisms found on the skin. Keratin - ✔✔-Fibrous protein that is responsible for the strength and water resistance of the skin surface. Melanin - ✔✔-A natural pigment that protects the cells in the skin and in deeper layers from the hazardous effects of UV radiation by absorbing sunlight. Epidermis - ✔✔-Outer layer. Protects against pathogens: Integumentary system - ✔✔-2 layers. Epidermis and dermis Hair - ✔✔-Made of keratin. Protects scalp from light from sun Hair follicles - ✔✔-Tube like pockets of epidermal cells that extend into the dermis Nails - ✔✔-Grow from area of rapidly dividing cells known as nail roots. Fingernails grow 3 times faster than toe nails Excretion - ✔✔-Small amount of sweat release constantly from sweat glands Melanoma - ✔✔-Cancers that develop from melon gets Acne - ✔✔-Sebum and dead skin cells form plugs in hair follicles. Bacteria trapped in Joints - ✔✔-Where bones meet. Joints contain connective tissues that hold bones together. Immovable joints/ fixed joints - ✔✔-Interlocked. Skull meets bone *PURPOSE of integumentary* - ✔✔--protects deeper tissues -blocks UV -prevents infection from entering body -temperature regulation -prevents dehydration -makes Vitamin D from sunlight -excrete wastes (sweating) -sensory organ subcutaneous fat - ✔✔-adipose tissue, proves insulation for body interaction with other body sys - ✔✔-IMMUNE: skin is first line of defense CIRCULATORY: regulate body temp EXCRETORY: sweating NERVOUS: senses superficial fascia - ✔✔-between the skin and muscles; adipose tissue stores fat periosteum - ✔✔-covers each bone; contains blood vessels that enter the bone; anchors tendons and ligaments periochondrium - ✔✔-covers cartilage; contains capillaries, the onl blood supply for cartilage synovial - ✔✔-lines joint cavities, secretes synovial fluid to prevent friction when joints move deep fascia - ✔✔-covers each skeletal muscle; anchors tendons meninges - ✔✔-cover the brain and spinal cord fibrous pericardium - ✔✔-forms a sac around the heart; lined by the serous parietal pericardium Serous membrane - ✔✔-It is thin double layer membrane (made of tissue) found in the Ventral Cavity. line body cavities closed to the exterior 2 layers of the serous membrane - ✔✔-1. Parietal: lines a specific part of the ventral cavity 2. Visceral: lines the outside of the organ Both layers secrete serous fluid Pleura serosa - ✔✔-It is a serosa membranous sac around the lung cavity Peritoneum serosa - ✔✔-It is a serosa membrane lining the interior of the abdominal cavity and covering the surfaces of the abdominal cavity. Pericardium serosa - ✔✔-It is a serosa membranous sac around the heart Parietal Serosa - ✔✔-Serosa membrane that lines the body cavity (the outside layer of the double layer membrane) Visceral Serosa - ✔✔-Serosa membrane that attaches to the organs found within the body cavity (the inner layer of the double layer membrane) Serous fluid - ✔✔-Fluid made by the cells of the serosa membrane that is used as a lubricational fluid. (prevents the body organs from rubbing on each other; anti-friction) simple squamous - ✔✔-name the type of epithelial tissue simple cuboidal - ✔✔-name the type of epithelial tissue simple columnar - ✔✔-name the type of epithelial tissue pseudostratified - ✔✔-name the type of epithelial tissue stratified squamous - ✔✔-name the type of epithelial tissue transitional - ✔✔-name the type of epithelial tissue Allows passage of materials by diffusion and filtration. - ✔✔-describe the function of this tissue type Secretion and absorption. - ✔✔-describe the f