CCI Echocardiography Practice, Questions and answers, 100% Accurate. Rated A+.

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CCI Echocardiography Practice, Questions and answers, 100% Accurate. Rated A+. Which Aortic leaflet is the superior one in the PSLA - ✔✔Right Leaflet Name the tricuspid leaflets - ✔✔Post ... erior and Anterior The coronary arteries come off of the.. - ✔✔Sinus of Valsalva Name the vessels coming off the arch and the most proximal or distal. - ✔✔Innominate (proximal), left carotid, and the left subclavian (distal) What cardiac pathology is associated with bicuspid aortic valves? - ✔✔Coarctation of the Aorta Where do the most aortic Coarctation occur? - ✔✔After the take-off of the left subclavian artery, or within the aortic isthmus Where are the pulmonary veins loca? Which ones are seen in this view? - ✔✔Rights and left superior (upper) pulmonary veins Where is the coronary sinus located? - ✔✔Posterior AV groove To visualize the coronary sinus in the apical 4 chamber view you should tilt the transducer.. - ✔✔Posterior During which phase do the coronaries fill? - ✔✔early diastole Where is the chiari network located? - ✔✔RA What portion of the pulmonary venous PW Doppler represents atrial systole? - ✔✔A wave Know frequency for TEE probes versus TTE - ✔✔TTE probes are usually higher 5-7MGz, while TTE probes are 2-7MHz At what temperature is it unsafe to use a TEE probe? - ✔✔40-45C Know TEE views by esophageal level (know mid esophageal- ME and transgastric) and degrees. - ✔✔4ch- 0 degrees 2ch- 90 degrees LAX- 120 degrees Why is the SA node the primary pacemaker? - ✔✔The SA node has the highest intrinsic rate of any cardiac tissue. The save of contraction (depolarization) moves from the endocardium to the epicardium. - ✔✔Inside to outside. Look at the purkinje fibers above. What is the absolute refractory state? - ✔✔That period when a muscle cell is not excitable- from phase 1 into phase 3; the 'relative refractory period' is during phase 3 and the muscle cell might contract if the stimulus is strong. Know what P wave, P-R interval, T wave represents - ✔✔P wave- atrial systole P-R interval- includes P-R segment (from atrial to ventricular depolarization) QRS complex- ventricular diastole (repolarization) What is the normal duration for the QRS complex? - ✔✔0.10 sec Frank-Sterling Law - ✔✔Increased volume= increased contractility RUBBER BAND THEORY Acute AI is hypercontractile because we shift up the Starling curve - ✔✔Chronic AI is failure when we drop off the end Does a PDA (patent ductus arteriosus) increase LV preload? - ✔✔yes (when shunt L-R) Echo finding for preload vs. afterload... - ✔✔Preload= dilatation Afterload= hypertrophy Which study does not allows for the calculations of ejection fraction? - ✔✔CXR Does venous return increase or decrease with inspiration? - ✔✔Increase Mitral valve velocity during inspiration increases or decreases? - ✔✔Increases Hepatic venous flow reveral indicates _______ TR. - ✔✔Severe Given a TR velocity of 4.0m/sec what is the RVSP? - ✔✔70mmHg A patient has a RVSP of 60mmHg. One year later the RVSP is 30mmHg. What happened to the pt? - ✔✔Coanda effect? Coanda Effect- Define. - ✔✔Wall hugging effect Pulmonary venous systolic flow reversal is.. - ✔✔Severe MR Which of the following is used in echo to measure dP/dt? - ✔✔Mitral regurgitation dP/dt measurement of mitral regurgitation assesses what? - ✔✔LV systolic dysfunction ______ is the rate of rise of LV pressure? - ✔✔dP/dt LAP= - ✔✔systolic BP- MR gradient Know pressure waveforms for MR (late systolic jump in LA pressure) pg. 97 - ✔✔... Know about Marfan's syndrome.. define - ✔✔Congenital connective tissue disease causing aortic dilatation of MVP In Marfan syndrome, why does aortic dissection and MVP occue? - ✔✔Connective tissue disorder Know Ehlers-Danlos. Another connecative tissue disorder - ✔✔like Marfan's pts, you look for MVP dilated Ao dissection Severe Ao aneurysms are greater than: - ✔✔5.0cm Know libman-sachs= - ✔✔Lupus and Marantic endocarditis St. Jude is a __________ valve - ✔✔Bi-leaflet Autografts - ✔✔means using pts own tissue Pannus - ✔✔host tissue overgrowth What are all the cardiomyopathies? - ✔✔Dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive, ischemic Which cardiomyopathy is autosomal dominant? - ✔✔Hypertrophic Apical Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (AHCM) - ✔✔Normal etiology (genetic) Typical spectral Doppler finding (flow acceleration in mid LV) Ratio for assessing asymmetric hypertrophy. - ✔✔1.3:1 LVOT obstruction cuases the aortic valve to... - ✔✔close in mid systole Pts with a history of IV drug abuse may present with... - ✔✔Tricuspid endocarditis The Venturi Effect can be associated with which cardiomyopathy? - ✔✔Hypertrophic Dos Inderal (beta blocker) increase SAM? - ✔✔No, decreases HR reduces SAM with excercise Chaga's disease (Dilated CM)? - ✔✔posterior and apical thinning septum usually normal Know the echo signs of congestive cardiomyopathies: - ✔✔-Multi chamber enlargement -Globally impaired LV contractility -B-Notch on MV M-Mode (increased LVEDP) -Thrombus may be present What type of CM might you see in a pt with AIDS? - ✔✔Dilated CM Know post-transplant 2-D appearance.. - ✔✔Double atria Amyloid and sarcoid are what type of cardiac abnormalities? - ✔✔Restrictive Hemochromatosis is... - ✔✔excess iron "Ground glass" appearance is related to... (pg. 123) - ✔✔infiltrative myocarditis Amyloid LAX- PV inflow will have _____ systolic velocity - ✔✔Low A restrictive CM has which of the following? - ✔✔Decreased LV compliance A typical ejection fraction in a dilated MC pt might be (for a HCM pt) - ✔✔-15-25% The majority of ventricular filling occurs during... - ✔✔first third of diastole If a pt has a normal MV inflow but Pulm veins showed a decreased S-wave and D-wave, consider that they might have a ___________ pattern. - ✔✔pseudonormal A pericardial effusion can often be seen in patients with... - ✔✔Renal Failure Pericardial Effusion Grading Criteria: Small? Med? Large? - ✔✔Small: posterior fluid <1cm Med: anterior and posterior <1cm Large: surrounding the heart >1cm Where does the oblique sinus of the pericardium lie? - ✔✔Posterior to the LA in the PLAX view Beck's Triad? 3 options: - ✔✔a. elevated venous pressur [Show More]

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