Myers Chapter 9: Prejudice [Distinction Level] Questions and Answers 2023

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Prejudice - -A preconceived negative judgement of a group and its members -Stereotype - -A belief about the personal attributes of a group of people. Stereotypes are sometimes overgeneralized, inac... curate, and resistant to new information (and sometimes accurate) -Discrimination - -unjustified negative behavior toward a group or its members -racism - -(1) an individual's prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behavior toward people of a given race, or (2) institutional practices (even if not motivated by prejudice) that subordinate people of a given race -sexism - -(1) an individual's prejudicial attitudes and discriminatory behavior toward people of a given sex, or (2) institutional practices (even if not motivated by prejudice) that subordinate people of a given sex -Norms vs stereotypes - -norms are prescriptive, stereotypes are descriptive -social dominance orientation - -a motivation to have one's group dominate other social groups -ethnocentric - -believing in the superiority of one's own ethnic and cultural group, and having a corresponding disdain for all other groups -authoritarian personality - -a personality that is disposed to favor obedience to authority and intolerance of out groups and those lower in status -Social situation breeds and maintains prejudice - -A group that enjoys social and economic superiority will often use prejudicial beliefs to justify its privileged position -realistic group conflict theory - -the theory that prejudice arises from competition between groups for scarce resources -social identity - -the "we' aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to "who am I?" that comes from our group memberships -ingroup - -"us"-- a group of people who share a sense of belonging, a feeling of common identity -outgroup - -"them"-- a group that people perceive as distinctively different from or apart from their ingroup -ingroup bias - -the tendency to favor one's own group -terror management - -people's self-protective emotional and cognitive responses when confronted with reminders of their mortality -People's motivations affect prejudice - -frustration breeds hostility, which people sometimes vent on scapegoats and sometimes express more directly against competing groups -outgroup homogeneity effect - -Perception of outgroup members as more similar to one another than are ingroup members. Thus "they are alike; we are diverse." -own-race bias - -the tendency for people to more accurately recognize faces of their own race -stigma consciousness - -a person's expectation of being victimized by prejudice or discrimination -distinctive effects foster illusory correlation - -stereotypes assume a correlation between group membership and individuals' presumed characteristics [Show More]

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