MOCK TEST #5 CCI RCS Questions and answers. Latest version. Rated A

MOCK TEST #5 CCI RCS Questions and answers. Latest version. Rated A the study of blood moving through the circulatory system - ✔✔hemodynamics indicates the volume of blood moving during a particular time - ✔✔flow (al ...

MOCK TEST #5 CCI RCS Questions and answers. Latest version. Rated A the study of blood moving through the circulatory system - ✔✔hemodynamics indicates the volume of blood moving during a particular time - ✔✔flow (also called volume flow rate) units for flow - ✔✔L/min indicates the speed of a fluid moving from one location to another - ✔✔velocity units for velocity - ✔✔cm/s 3 basic forms of blood flow - ✔✔1. pulsatile 2. phasic 3. steady occurs when blood moves with a variable velocity due to cardiac contraction, and appears in arterial circulation - ✔✔pulsatile flow occurs when blood moves with a variable velocity due to respiration, and appears in venous circulation - ✔✔phasic flow occurs when a fluid moves at a constant speed or velocity - ✔✔steady flow flow that occurs when the flow streamlines are aligned and parallel - ✔✔laminar when are laminar flow patterns found? - ✔✔normal physiological states 2 forms of laminar flow - ✔✔plug flow- occurs when all of the layers and blood cells travel at the same velocity parabolic- bullet-shaped profile where the velocity is highest in the center of the lumen number that predicts whether flow is laminar or turbulent - ✔✔Reynolds number What is the Reynolds number for laminar flow? - ✔✔less than 1500 flow characterized by chaotic flow patterns in many different directions and speeds - ✔✔turbulent flow when is turbulence commonly observed? - ✔✔cardiovascular *pathology* and elevated blood velocities turbulent flow profiles may be seen downstream from a significant _______ in a vessel - ✔✔stenosis sounds that are associated with turbulent flow - ✔✔murmur/bruit tissue vibration associated with turbulence - ✔✔thrill what is the Reynolds number for turbulent flow? - ✔✔greater than 2000 Term for blood that is moving from regions of *higher* energy to *lower* energy. - ✔✔energy gradient energy forms that are associated with blood - ✔✔1. kinetic 2. pressure 3. gravitational the total energy at a specific location within the circulation is the _____ of all three energy forms - ✔✔sum energy that is associated with a moving object - ✔✔kinetic 2 factors for kinetic energy - ✔✔1. mass of object 2. the speed at which it moves form of energy that is stored - ✔✔pressure energy (aka potential energy) form of energy that is stored- and is elevated - ✔✔gravitational thickness of a fluid - ✔✔viscosity the tendency of a fluid to resist changes in its velocity is related to - ✔✔inertia narrowing in the lumen of a vessel - ✔✔stenosis downstream turbulence that results from stenosis - ✔✔post-stenotic turbulence the relationship between velocity and pressure in a moving fluid - ✔✔Bernoulli's Principle velocity of blood is highest at the _______ part of the vessel - ✔✔narrowest formula for pressure gradient - ✔✔pressure gradient= flow x resistance what are the resistance vessels in the circulatory system called? - ✔✔arterioles formula for voltage - ✔✔voltage= current x resistance pressure related to the weight of blood pressing on a vessel measured at a height above or below heart level - ✔✔hydrostatic pressure units for hydrostatic pressure - ✔✔mmHg hydrostatic pressure in a supine patient at the level of the top of the head - ✔✔zero- if patient is supine the hydrostatic pressure will be zero in every part of the body hydrostatic pressure for the following: anklekneewaistmid chesttop of head- - ✔✔ankle- 100 mmHg knee- 75 mmHg waist- 50 mmHg mid chest- 0 mmHg top of head- (-)30 mmHg why does respiration affect venous flow? - ✔✔- the venous system is low pressure - muscles responsible for respiration alter pressures in the thorax and the abdomen breathing affects what two venous flows? - ✔✔- in the legs - venous return to the heart (which comprises venous flow from the head, arms, and flow from the IVC to the heart) with inspiration, the diaphragm moves downward toward the abdomen, and ________ the thoracic pressure - ✔✔decreases abdominal pressure ________ with inspiration - ✔✔increases with inspiration, venous flow to the heart ________, and venous flow to the legs ________ - ✔✔increases; decreases venous flow in the legs correlates with movement of the diaphragm. Downward movement of the diaphragm (inspiration) _______ venous flow in the legs. Upward movement of the diaphragm (expiration) ________ venous flow in the legs. - ✔✔decreases; increases changes in venous return to the heart are ________ to those of venous flow in the legs - ✔✔opposite thickness of a fluid - ✔✔viscosity percentage of blood made up of red blood cells - ✔✔hematocrit 3 forms of energy loss - ✔✔viscous, frictional, and inertial relates to the tendency of a fluid to resist changes in velocity - ✔✔inertia inertial energy loss occurs during three events: - ✔✔pulsatile flow, phasic flow, and velocity changes at a *stenosis* structures that are thin-walled and collapsible, and are usually low-resistance - ✔✔veins measured pressure= - ✔✔circulatory (140mmHg) + hydrostatic pressure during inspiration, venous flow in the legs ______ - ✔✔decrease all of the following occur during expiration *except* A. venous return to the heart decreases B. venous flow in the legs increases C. abdominal pressure increases D. the diaphragm rises into the thoracic cavity - ✔✔C. -abdominal pressure decreases during expiration 2-D: PI - ✔✔(RVVO): Right ventricular enlargement with paradoxical septal motion Possible fine diastolic fluttering of the tricuspid valve PHTN 2-D: - ✔✔T PAEDP and RVEDP RVH-Right ventricular hypertrophy RVE-Right ventricular enlargement "D" shaped left ventricle during systole and diastole; flattened septum RAE-Right atrial enlargement TR- Tricuspid regurgitation Small LV dimension Pulmonary artery dilatation PI-Pulmonary insufficiency IVC and hepatic veins dilatation with no IVC collapse VPS 2-D - ✔✔Thickened pulmonic valve leaflets Systolic "doming" of the pulmonary valve leaflets Right ventricular pressure overload (RVPO)which leads to-> Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) Flattened IVS, "D" shaped left ventricle, due to RVPO Right atrial enlargement (RAE) ⬆️RAP Post-stenotic dilatation of the main pulmonary artery(due to t