Materials
For this paper you must have:
• a pencil and a ruler
• a scientific calculator
• a Data and Formulae Booklet
• a protractor.
Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
• Fill in the boxes at
...
Materials
For this paper you must have:
• a pencil and a ruler
• a scientific calculator
• a Data and Formulae Booklet
• a protractor.
Instructions
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
• Answer all questions.
• You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write
outside the box around each page or on blank pages.
• If you need extra space for your answer(s), use the lined pages at the end of
this book. Write the question number against your answer(s).
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want
to be marked.
• Show all your working.
Information
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• The maximum mark for this paper is 70.
• You are expected to use a scientific calculator where appropriate.
• A Data and Formulae Booklet is provided as a loose insert.
Please write clearly in block capitals.
Centre number Candidate number
Surname
Forename(s)
Candidate signature
I declare this is my own work.
AS
PHYSICS
Paper 1
Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes
2
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IB/M/Jun22/7407/1
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Answer all questions in the spaces provided. box
0 1 A sigma-plus (Σ+
) particle and an unidentified particle Y are produced by the strong
interaction between a positive pion (π+) and a proton (p).
This interaction is represented by the equation:
π+ + p → Σ+ + Y
0 1 . 1 Complete Table 1 to show the baryon number B, charge Q and strangeness S for the
particles in this interaction.
[2 marks]
Table 1
π+ p Σ+ Y
B 0
Q +1 +1 +1
S +1
0 1 . 2 Which particle in Table 1 has the quark structure uus?
Tick () one box.
[1 mark]
π+
p
Σ+
Y
3
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0 1 box . 3 Deduce which particle, π+ or Y, has the greater charge-to-mass ratio.
Justify your conclusion.
[3 marks]
Turn over for the next question
6
4
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0 2 A box sample of bromine gas contains a mixture of two isotopes. An experiment is done
to find the percentage of each isotope in this sample.
0 2 . 1 In the experiment, the gas is ionised by a beam of electrons.
Explain how the beam of electrons causes a particle of the gas to have a charge
of +1e.
[2 marks]
The gas consists of bromine molecules. Each molecule has two bromine atoms.
The experiment finds that the bromine molecules contain 158, 160 or 162 nucleons.
Figure 1 shows the percentage of these different molecules in the sample.
Figure 1
5
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0 2 box . 2 Bromine has a proton number of 35
The two isotopes in the sample have different nucleon numbers.
Calculate the number of neutrons for the isotope that has the greater nucleon number.
[2 marks]
number of neutrons =
0 2 . 3 Deduce the percentage of each isotope in the gas.
Justify your conclusion.
[2 marks]
Turn over for the next question
6
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0 3 box A satellite system is used to measure the height h of the top of an ice sheet above the
surface of the ocean.
The satellite emits two pulses A and B of infrared radiation. A is incident on the
surface of the ocean and B is incident on the top of the ice sheet as shown
in Figure 2.
Figure 2
0 3 . 1 The frequency of the infrared radiation is 3.8 × 1014 Hz.
Each pulse has a duration of 6.0 ns.
Calculate the number of cycles in each pulse.
[2 marks]
number of cycles =
0 3 . 2 A and B reflect and return to the satellite. The travel time is the time between the
emission of a pulse and its return to the satellite.
The difference in the travel times of A and B is 10.7 μs.
Calculate h.
[2 marks]
h = m
7
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Some of the infrared radiation enters the ice sheet. box
Figure 3 shows the path of infrared radiation that refracts at a sloping part of the
ice sheet.
Figure 3
0 3 . 3 Calculate the refractive index of the ice.
[2 marks]
refractive index =
0 3 . 4 Calculate the wavelength of the infrared radiation when it is inside the ice sheet.
[2 marks]
wavelength = m 8
8
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0 4 box An isolated metal plate is given a negative charge. Electromagnetic radiation is
incident on the plate. The plate loses its charge due to the photoelectric effect.
0 4 . 1 Discuss how the rate of loss of charge from the plate depends on the frequency and
intensity of the incident radiation.
In your answer you should explain why:
• the plate loses its charge
• the photoelectric effect occurs only for frequencies greater than a particular value
• the rate of loss of charge increases with intensity for radiation above that particular
value of frequency.
[6 marks]
9
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box
0 4 . 2 Charged particles are emitted from the metal plate with a maximum kinetic energy
of 1.1 eV when radiation of frequency 1.2 × 1015 Hz is incident on the plate.
Calculate, in eV, the work function of the metal.
[3 marks]
work function = eV 9
10
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0 5 box Figure 4 shows apparatus used to demonstrate the wave–particle duality of electrons.
Figure 4
The heated filament emits slow-moving electrons.
In region P, the electrons are accelerated to a high speed.
At Q, the fast-moving electrons are incident on the graphite target.
R is a point on one of the bright rings that are formed where the electrons strike the
fluorescent screen.
0 5 . 1 The electrons demonstrate wave-like and particle-like behaviour as they travel from
the filament to the screen.
State and explain at which of P, Q or R the electrons are demonstrating wave-like
behaviour.
[2 marks]
11
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0 5 box . 2 The apparatus is adjusted so that the electrons are incident on the graphite target with
a greater speed.
Explain why the bright rings formed on the screen now have a smaller diameter.
[3 marks]
Turn over for the next question
5
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0 6 box Figure 5 shows a worker of weight 750 N on a uniform platform. The weight of the
worker is acting at a horizontal distance d from end A.
Throughout this question, assume that the platform is horizontal and that all cables
obey Hooke’s law.
Figure 5
The platform weighs 1800 N and is suspended by vertical cables P and Q.
Each cable has an unstretched length of 3.0 m.
The horizontal distance between P and Q is 3.6 m.
0 6 . 1 The worker moves to a position where the tension in the left-hand cable P is 1150 N.
Calculate d for this position.
[3 marks]
d = m
13
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box Figure 6 shows how the extension of P varies with d as the worker walks slowly along
the platform from A to B.
Figure 6
The worker moves to a position X where the strain in P is 6.0 × 10−5
.
0 6 . 2 Determine d for position X.
[2 marks]
d = m
0 6 . 3 The cable material has a Young modulus of 1.9 × 1011 N m−2
.
Calculate the tensile stress in P when the worker is at X.
[1 mark]
tensile stress = N m−2
Question 6 continues on the next page
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0 6 box . 4 The original cables P and Q are replaced.
Table 2 shows how the properties of the original cables compare with the
replacement cables.
Table 2
Unstretched length Radius Young modulus of
cable material
Original cables L r E
Replacement cables L
2
r
2E
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