OCR Oxford and RSA Tuesday 21 June 2022 GCSE (9-1) Latin J282/06 Literature and Culture nsert — Afternoon

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INSTRUCTIONS • Do not send this Insert for marking. Keep it in the centre or recycle it. INFORMATION • The questions tell you which source you need to use. • This document has 8 pages. *91... 39339971* © OCR 2022 [601/8124/2] DC (ST/CT) 301165/2 Tuesday 21 June 2022 – Afternoon GCSE (9–1) Latin J282/06 Literature and Culture Insert Time allowed: 1 hour 2 © OCR 2022 J282/06/INSERT Jun22 Sources A, B and C give information about Roman Myths and Beliefs. Source A: Jupiter and Mercury visit an old couple, Baucis and Philemon Jupiter once came here, disguised as a mortal, and with him His son, the messenger Mercury, wand and wings set aside. Looking for shelter and rest, they called at a thousand homesteads; A thousand doors were bolted against them. One house, however, Did make them welcome, a humble abode with a roof of straw And marsh reed, one that knew its duty to gods and men. Ovid, Metamorphoses 8 626–631 Source B: An extract from Pliny the Elder Pliny asks whether the words in prayers have any effect So, for instance, it is a general belief that without a certain form of prayer it would be useless to sacrifice a victim, and that it would be no good consulting the gods. And then besides, there are different forms of address to the gods, one form for seeking favourable omens, another form for stopping them from being angry, and another for securing help. We also see that our highest officials use certain set prayers and that not a single word may be omitted or pronounced out of its place. It is the duty of an attendant to precede the dignitary by reading the set prayer in front of him from a written ritual, and the duty of another attendant to keep watch upon every word, and of a third to see that silence is not broken, while a musician, in the meantime, is performing on the flute to prevent any other words being heard. Indeed, there are memorable instances recorded in our Yearly Records of cases where either the sacrifice has been interrupted, and so ruined, by some swearing, or a mistake has been made in the utterance of the prayer. Even today, too, it is a general belief that our Vestal Virgins have the power, by uttering a certain prayer, to stop the escape of runaway slaves. If then these opinions are accepted as truth, and if it is accepted that the gods do listen to certain prayers, or are influenced by set forms of words, we are bound to conclude that the words in prayers do have an effect. Our ancestors, no doubt, always had such a belief, and have even assured us, a thing by far the most difficult of all, that it is possible by such means to bring down lightning from heaven. Pliny the Elder, Natural History 28.3 3 © OCR 2022 J282/06/INSERT Jun22 Turn over Source C: A statue from the Capitoline Museum in Rome 4 © OCR 2022 J282/06/INSERT Jun22 Sources D, E and F give information about the Romans in Britain. Source D: Mosaic floor showing sea horses from the Roman bath complex at Bath (Aquae Sulis) 5 © OCR 2022 J282/06/INSERT Jun22 Turn over Source E: Cassius Dio describes Boudicca A terrible disaster occurred in Britain. Two cities were sacked, 80,000 Romans and their allies perished, and the island was lost to Rome. Moreover, all this ruin was brought upon the Romans by a woman, a fact which in itself caused them the greatest shame. An excuse for the war was found in the confiscation of the amounts of money that Claudius had given to the most important Britons; these amounts, as Decianus Catus, the procurator of the island, insisted, were to be paid back. This was one reason for the uprising; another was found in the fact that Seneca, in the hope of receiving a good rate of interest, had lent to the islanders 40,000,000 sesterces that they did not want and had afterwards asked for the money back all at once and [Show More]

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