ydrophilic: Water loving, can dissolve water
o Hydrophobic: Hates water, can’t dissolve water
➢ Selective Permeability
o Selective Permeability with regards to size, charge,
and solubility.
➢ Cell structure
o Ribos
...
ydrophilic: Water loving, can dissolve water
o Hydrophobic: Hates water, can’t dissolve water
➢ Selective Permeability
o Selective Permeability with regards to size, charge,
and solubility.
➢ Cell structure
o Ribosomes: synthesize proteins from amino acids.
o Golgi apparatus: synthesize materials like proteins that are
transported out of the cell. Near nucleus & consists of layers
of membranes.
o Vacuoles: Sacs used for storage, digestion, and waste
removal. One large in plant cells/ Animal cells are small or
have numerous.
o Vesicle: Has membrane, & can move materials within the cell.
o Cytoskeleton: Microtubules that shape and support the cell.
o Microtubules: Part of cytoskeleton & help support cell.
Made of protein.
o Cytosol: Liquid material within the cell. Mostly water &
had floating materials.
o Cytoplasm: Cytosol & organelles found within the
plasma membrane, not within nucleus!
o Cell membrane: Barrier that keeps materials out of
cell. Determines what’s allowed in and out.
o Rough Endoplasmic reticulum: Ribosomes on the
surface, produce & store proteins
o Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum: Helps store lipids & proteins.
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o Mitochondrion: Generate ATP, involved in cell growth & death.
Contain their own DNA aside from the one within the nucleus.
▪ Functions: Produce energy, cell signaling, cellular
differentiation, cell cycle & growth regulation. Can
also have aerobic respiration.
➢ Animal Cell Structure
o Centrosome: Mitosis & the cell cycle occur here
o Centriole: Cellular division
o Lysosome: Digests proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates.
Help remove undigested substances.
o Cilia: Appendages that cause a cell to move & can move fluid
o Flagella: Tail like structures that help the cell move. A
cell usually only has one or a few flagella. Longer than
cilia.
➢ Cell Cycle: Cell reproduces, growth cell, duplication of genetic
material, and cell division.
➢ Cell Differentiation: Helps determine the cell type for each cell,
process is controlled by genes of each cell (zygote). Following
the directions of the genes, a cell builds certain proteins and other
substances to set it apart as a specific type of cell.
➢ Mitosis: DNA replication & Production of new cells
▪ IPMAT=Cytokinesis
o Interphase: Cell prepares to divide by replicating genetic
& cytoplasmic material. (G1, S, G2)
o Prophase: Chromatic thickens & nuclear membrane
disintegrates. Centrioles move to opposite sides of the cells, and
spindle fibers form. Mitotic spindle, formed cytoskeleton parts,
moves chromosomes around the cell.
