Hesi Med Surg Exam Questions & Answers, With Rationales.

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Hesi Med Surg Exam Questions & Answers, With Rationales.-The nurse is assessing a client with bacterial meningitis. Which assessment finding indicates the client may have developed septic emboli? A. ... Cyanosis of the fingertips. B. Bradycardia and bradypnea. C. Presence of S3 and S4 heart sounds. D. 3+ pitting edema of the lower extremities. - A. Cyanosis of the fingertips. Septic emboli secondary to meningitis commonly lodge in the small arterioles of the extremities, causing a decrease in circulation to the hands which may lead to gangrene. A 77-year-old female client is admitted to the hospital. She is confused, has no appetite, is nauseated and vomiting, and is complaining of a headache. Her pulse rate is 43 beats per minute. It is most important for the nurse to assess for which finding? A. Wearing dentures. B. Use of aspirin prior to admit. C. Prescribed nitroglycerin for chest pain. D. Takes digitalis. - D. Takes digitalis. Although it is important to obtain a complete medication history, the symptoms described are classic for digitalis toxicity, and assessment of this problem should be made promptly. Elderly persons are particularly susceptible to digitalis intoxication which manifests itself in such symptoms as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, and fatigue. A 58-year-old client who has been post-menopausal for five years is concerned about the risk for osteoporosis because her mother has the condition. Which information should the nurse offer? A. Osteoporosis is a progressive genetic disease with no effective treatment. B. Calcium loss from bones can be slowed by increasing calcium intake and exercise. C. Estrogen replacement therapy should be started to prevent the progression osteoporosis. D. Low-dose corticosteroid treatment effectively halts the course of osteoporosis. - B. Calcium loss from bones can be slowed by increasing calcium intake and exercise. Post-menopausal females are at risk for osteoporosis due to the cessation of estrogen secretion, but a regimen including calcium, vitamin D, and weight-bearing exercise can help prevent further bone loss. A client with heart disease is on a continuous telemetry monitor and has developed sinus bradycardia. In determining the possible cause of the bradycardia, the nurse assesses the client's medication record. Which medication is most likely the cause of the bradycardia? A. Propanolol. B. Captopril. C. Furosemide. D. Dobutamine. - A. Propanolol. Propanolol is a beta adrenergic blocking agent, which causes decreased heart rate and decreased contractility. The nurse assesses a client with advanced cirrhosis of the liver for signs of hepatic encephalopathy. Which finding would the nurse consider an indication of progressive hepatic encephalopathy? A. An increase in abdominal girth. B. Hypertension and a bounding pulse. C. Decreased bowel sounds. D. Difficulty in handwriting. - D. Difficulty in handwriting. A daily record in handwriting may provide evidence of progression of hepatic encephalopathy leading to coma. An older adult male clien [Show More]

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