NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology all Quizzes (Test bank) Questions & Answers -ALL WEEKS

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NURS 6501 Advanced Pathophysiology all Quizzes (Test bank) Questions & Answers Why is potassium able to diffuse easily in and out of cells? Because the resting plasma membrane is more per... meable to potassium An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide? Expressivity A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the genetic information be contained? Nucleolus A 55-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is examined for respiratory disturbance. Examination of his airway (bronchial) reveals that stratified squamous epithelial cells have replaced the normal columnar ciliated cells. This type of cellular adaptation is called: Metaplasia A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for? The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance? Anaerobic glycolysis What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction? Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the following? XXY A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this condition? Tetraploidy A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse’s best response? Pregnancy in women over age 35 How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes? By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase) What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, reduced carrying angle at the elbow, and sparse body hair. Turner syndrome 55-year-old male has swelling of the feet. Which of the following aided in development of swelling? Na+ movement into the cell A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of this disease is associated with: Delayed age of onset The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome. What is the nurse describing? Maternal nondisjunction A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure. The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by: Plasma proteins A cell is isolated, and electrophysiology studies reveal that the resting membrane potential is –70 millivolts. The predominant intracellular ion is Na+, and the predominant extracellular ion is K+. With voltage change, which of the following would result in an action potential? Na+ rushing into the cell The ion transporter that moves Na+ and Ca2+ simultaneously in the same direction is an example of which of the following types of transport? Symport A nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes how glucose is transported from the blood to the cell. What type of transport system should the nurse discuss with the patient? Passive-mediated transport (facilitated diffusion) Which of the following mutations have the most significant effect on protein synthesis? Frameshift mutations When a patient asks what causes cystic fibrosis, how should the nurse respond? Cystic fibrosis is caused by an _____ gene. Autosomal recessive A patient has severe mental retardation caused by a deletion of part of chromosome 5. What genetic disorder will the nurse see documented in the chart? Cri du chat syndrome In teaching a patient with cirrhosis, which information should the nurse include regarding cholesterol? Cholesterol decreases the membrane fluidity of the erythrocyte, which reduces its ability to carry oxygen. Which of the following disorders is manifested primarily in males? Answer Klinefelter syndrome What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential? Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive. WEEK 2 A 5-year-old male is diagnosed with tinea corporis following development of lesions on the non-hairyparts of his face, trunk, and limbs. A common source of this condition is Kitten 70-year-old female with osteoporosis fractures her leg at a location of preexisting abnormality. She reports that the fracture occurred following a minor fall. Which of the following best describes the fracture? Pathologic fracture A 5-year-old female was diagnosed with seropositive juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The treatment option for this disease is termed Supportive After studying about viruses, which information indicates the student has a good understanding of viruses? Viruses Replicate their genetic material inside host cell A 46-year-old male presents with severe pain, redness, and tenderness in the right big toe. He was diagnosed with gouty arthritis. He is at risk for developing: Uric Acid The nurse would be correct in identifying the duration of rubella as 1-3 days A 46-year-old male presents with severe pain, redness, and tenderness in the right big toe. He was diagnosed with gouty arthritis. The symptoms he experienced are caused by the crystallization of _____ within the synovial fluid Uric Acid Fibromyalgia is a chronic musculoskeletal disorder characterized by: Diffuse pain, fatigue, and tender point The incidence of fractures of the pelvis is highest in: Older Adults In discoid lupus erythematosus, skin lesions may be accompanied by Raynaud phenomenon, which is manifested by: Selected Answer:b. ? When the maternal immune system becomes sensitized against antigens expressed by the fetus, what type of immune reaction occurs? Alloimmune Which of the following hormones activates adrenergic receptors? Epinephrine A nurse recalls an example of an immune-complex-mediated disease is: Serum sickness A 5-month-old child is admitted to the hospital with recurring respiratory infections. A possible cause of this condition is: Immune insufficiency When a patient asks the nurse what hypersensitivity is, how should the nurse respond? Hypersensitivity is best defined as: An excessive or inappropriate response of the immune system to a sensitizing antigen Which patient will develop active immunity? A patient who: Has natural exposure to an antigen or receives an immunization A 30-year-old female is diagnosed with cancer. Testing reveals that the cancer cells have spread to local lymph nodes. A nurse realizes this cancer would be documented as stage: 3 While planning care, a nurse recalls seasonal allergic rhinitis is expressed through: IgE-mediated reactions A 45-year-old male presents with persistent, severe stomach pain. Testing reveals a peptic ulcer. Further laboratory tests reveal the presence of Helicobacter pylori. Which of the following is of concern for this patient? Gastric cancer A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He begins itching and develops pain, swelling, redness, and respiratory difficulties. He is suffering from: Anaphylaxis A patient has a disease state that results from the secretion of toxins by bacteria. Which medical diagnosis will the nurse see documented on the chart? Tetanus A 35-year-old male is diagnosed with lobar pneumonia (lung infection). Which of the following exudates would be present in highest concentration at the site of this advanced inflammatory response? Fibrinous A 30-year-old male was diagnosed with HIV. Which of the following treatments would be most effective? Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) A 30-year-old male is having difficulty breathing and has been spitting blood. He reports that he began experiencing this reaction after cleaning his pigeons’ cages. Testing reveals he is suffering from allergic alveolitis. Which of the following is he experiencing? Arthus reaction A patient has a tissue growth that was diagnosed as cancer. Which of the following terms best describes this growth? Neoplasm While planning care for children with cancer, which information should the nurse remember? Most childhood cancers originate from the: Mesodermal germ layer When a patient presents at the emergency department for an allergic reaction, the nurse recognizes the most severe consequence of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is: Anaphylaxis A 50-year-old female experiences decreased blood pressure, decreased oxygen delivery, cardiovascular shock, and subsequent death. A complication of endotoxic shock is suspected. Which of the following is the most likely cause? Gram-negative bacteria When histamine is released in the body, which of the following responses would the nurse expect? Edema During inflammation, the liver is stimulated to release plasma proteins, collectively known as: Acute phase reactants A 10-year-old male presents to his primary care provider reporting wheezing and difficulty breathing. History reveals that both of the child’s parents suffer from allergies. Which of the following terms would be used to classify the child? Atopic Which of the following patients would be at greatest risk for basal cell carcinoma? Light complexion, light eyes, fair hair A 35-year-old male is diagnosed with a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal medulla. He experiences elevated blood pressure, pupil dilation, “goose bumps,” and increased anxiety. Which of the following hormones is the predominant one released by the tumor? Norepinephrine A 65-year-old female is diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer. She has developed muscle wasting. Which of the following substances would be produced in large quantities to eliminate the tumor cells and cause muscle wasting? Tumor necrosis factor Stress induces sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla. This causes the secretion of catecholamines, which include: Epinephrine and norepinephrine ..................................(CONTINUED) [Show More]

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