*NURSING > STUDY GUIDE > NR283 Pathophysiology Exam 3 Review: All Answers (All)

NR283 Pathophysiology Exam 3 Review: All Answers

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Chapter 19 Alterations of Hormonal Regulation - Addison’s disease – (Adrenal Insufficiency)- - - Autoimmune disorder where body creates antigens that attack the adrenal glands - Cushings Syn... drome- caused by chronic exposure to excess cortisol (too much steroid). - Cortical hyperfunction (hypercortisolism) – DOES NOT involve the pituitary gland. - Hypokalemia (decrease K), increase in Na+ resulting in ^BP, hyperglycemia, metabolic alkalosis (decrease H+) Acromegaly- Hypersecretion of Growth Hormone- o A disorder in adults in which the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone - Results from continuous exposure to high levels of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1); it almost always is caused by a GH secreting pituitary adenoma. Pheochromocytoma - Chromaffin cell Tumors - A hormone-secreting tumor (benign) that can occur in the adrenal glands (neuroendocrine tumor of the medulla of the adrenal glands). - adrenal gland releases hormones that cause persistent or episodic high blood pressure, headaches Thyroid Dysfunction- Hypothyroidism- Underactive Thyroid Gland - deficient production of TH by the thyroid gland - DX w/ blood test looks at T3, T4, and TSH Levels Parathyroid Dysfunction- Hyperparathyroidism – Excessive Secretion of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) by parathyroid gland - Hyperkalemia ^Ca+ and Hypophosphatemia Diabetes Mellitus (DM)- a group of metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. - Body cannot properly use insulin leading to hyperglycemia Type II Diabetes: ranging from predominantly insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency to predominantly an insulin secretory defect with insulin resistance Diabetes Mellitus- Assessment findings in hypoglycemia- reduction in plasma glucose concentration to a level that may induce symptoms or signs such as altered mental status and/or sympathetic nervous Diabetic ketoacidosis – A serious diabetes complication where the body produces excess blood acids (ketones)- [Show More]

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