CPCE Test A Practice Exam 135 Questions with Verified Answer 2023
In the early 1920s, the counseling profession consisted primarily of
a. mental health counseling.
b. vocational guidance counseling:
c. school c
...
CPCE Test A Practice Exam 135 Questions with Verified Answer 2023
In the early 1920s, the counseling profession consisted primarily of
a. mental health counseling.
b. vocational guidance counseling:
c. school counseling.
d. All of the above. - CORRECT ANSWER b. vocational guidance counseling
Culture is understood to be
a. the same as race.
b. the background of patterns, languages, psychological factors, and biological factors of a person.
c. an irrelevant factor in diagnosis.
d. factors that pertain to the here and now; historical contexts are not as salient. - CORRECT ANSWER b. the background of patterns, languages, psychological factors, and biological factors of a person.
Erikson's psychosocial developmental theory is an example of
a. a continuous, active theory.
b. a continuous, reactive theory.
c. a discontinuous, active theory.
d. a discontinuous, reactive theory. - CORRECT ANSWER c. a discontinuous, active theory.
________________is considered the father of career guidance and the counseling profession.
a. George Merrill
b. Edmund Williamson
c. Frank Parsons
d. John Crites - CORRECT ANSWER c. Frank Parsons
Which of the following models of resistance is behavioral?
a. Noncompliance
b. Negative social influence
c. Power struggle
d. Anxiety control - CORRECT ANSWER a. Noncompliance
Wilhelm Wundt is known for
a. developing the form board, which is considered a predecessor to performance IQ testing.
b. being the first to apply statistical concepts to psychological assessment.
c. founding one of the first psychological laboratories to conduct experimental research.
d. his work on the forgetting curve. - CORRECT ANSWER c. founding one of the first psychological laboratories to conduct experimental research.
A construct, such as a treatment group, that can be manipulated in a study is most often referred to as a(n) _____________ variable.
a. outcome
b. categorical
c. criterion
d. independent - CORRECT ANSWER d. independent
Institutional barriers to group work may include all the following EXCEPT:
a. resistant group members.
b. the need to obtain parental consent.
c. belief by staff members that group work in not as effective as other activities.
d. the Jack of appropriate facilities. - CORRECT ANSWER a. resistant group members.
Ethical principles that counselors are required to follow are called
a. aspirational ethics.
b. obligatory ethics.
c. mandatory ethics.
d. compulsory ethics - CORRECT ANSWER c. mandatory ethics.
The tripartite model of multicultural counseling competencies includes each of the following components EXCEPT:
a. an etic perspective.
b. awareness.
c. knowledge.
d. skills - CORRECT ANSWER a. an etic perspective.
For a researcher who has limited time and a low budget, the ___________________ research design might be most appropriate.
a. cross-sectional
b. longitudinal
c. time-lag
d. naturalistic - CORRECT ANSWER a. cross-sectional
The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 was NOT responsible for
a. establishing a national minimum wage.
b. enforcing workplace safety and health standards.
c. providing minimum standards for overtime entitlement.
d. prohibiting the employment of minors. - CORRECT ANSWER b. enforcing workplace safety and health standards.
A professional counselor consults with an experienced colleague about some problems she has encountered while working with a particular client. She is completely reliant on her colleague's expertise to help her move forward with her client. Which consultation model does this represent?
a. Collaborative-dependent
b. Collaborative-interdependent
c. Triadic-dependent
d. Triadic-interdependent - CORRECT ANSWER c. Triadic-dependent
In group work, confidentiality is
a. the ethical requirement of group leaders but not group members.
b. the ethical requirement of group members but not group leaders
c. the ethical requirement of both group leaders and group
members.
d. not an ethical requirement for anyone involved in the process. - CORRECT ANSWER a. the ethical requirement of group leaders but not group members.
A(n) _____________ does not compare an individual score to a norm group but relies on the judgment of the professional counselor to interpret the data.
a. standardized test
b. norm-referenced test
c. ipsative assessment
d. nonstandardized test - CORRECT ANSWER d. nonstandardized test
"Whereas 1 million white swans can indicate that all swans are white, one brown swan can falsify it." That is, we can only approximate truth. This description refers to the ________________ paradigm.
a. positivism
b. post-positivism
c. social constructivism
d. critical theory - CORRECT ANSWER b. post-positivism
Accreditation is NOT
a. voluntary.
b. involuntary.
c. a way for educational institutions to demonstrate their quality to the public.
d. an accountability measure for schools. - CORRECT ANSWER b. involuntary.
Judging someone's worth by how closely he or she resembles European Americans is termed
a. racism.
b. colorism.
c. eugenics.
d. Jensenism. - CORRECT ANSWER b. colorism.
What part of the brain regulates emotions and motivation?
a. Temporal lobe
b. Limbic system
c. Reticular activating system
d. Cerebellum - CORRECT ANSWER b. Limbic system
___________________ is an example of an occupation.
a. Addictions Counselor Level II
b. Professional Counselor
c. Assistant Director of Career Counseling
d. Residential Treatment Counselor - CORRECT ANSWER b. Professional Counselor
Observing clients' verbal and nonverbal communication and verbally conveying empathy and understanding of clients' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are all important elements of
a. paraphrasing.
b. reflecting.
c. confronting.
d. interpreting. - CORRECT ANSWER b. reflecting.
Group members' personal goals are generally
a. overt.
b. hidden from the group.
c. agreed on by the entire group.
d. None of the above. - CORRECT ANSWER a. overt.
17. Under the ____________________ a 3-year-old child who is suspected of having a disability is guaranteed to receive testing at the expense of the public school system.
a. Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA)
b. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)
c. No Child Left Behind Act of 2001
d. Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (IDEA) - CORRECT ANSWER d. Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (IDEA)
Which of the following most represents a quasi-experimental design?
a. Researchers compared the treatment group of low-fat meals with a randomized control group and found faster mental processing in the low-fat group.
b. Researchers found that teachers at Henderson fligh favored the concept of year-round schooling.
c. Researchers compared students' scores under Curriculum A with a matched comparison group and found better achievement
d. Researchers found that clients' stories reflected strong motivation for change. - CORRECT ANSWER c. Researchers compared students' scores under Curriculum A with a matched comparison group and found better achievement
25. ____________ is NOT one of the five principal ethics of the counseling profession.
a. Nonmaleficence
b. Constancy
c. Justice
d. Autonomy - CORRECT ANSWER b. Constancy
_______________ is (are) based on biology, and _______include(s) societal expectations of behavior.
a. Gender roles; sex roles
b. Gender identity; sexual identity
c. Sex roles; gender roles
d. Sexual identity; gender identity - CORRECT ANSWER c. Sex roles; gender roles
Classical conditioning was developed by
a. Ivan Pavlov.
b. Albert Bandura.
c. John B.' Watson.
d. Joseph Wolpe - CORRECT ANSWER a. Ivan Pavlov.
Individuals who demonstrate high career adaptability demonstrate
a. concern for their future work life.
b. confidence to pursue career goals.
c. curiosity for exploring career possibilities.
d. All of the above. - CORRECT ANSWER d. All of the above.
Freud contended that each individual possesses all of the follow ing types of consciousness EXCEPT:
a. preconscious mind.
b. conscious mind.
c. unconscious mind.
d. subconscious mind. - CORRECT ANSWER d. subconscious mind.
A ________________ group is primarily remedial.
a. psychotherapy
b. counseling
c. psychoeducational
d. task - CORRECT ANSWER a. psychotherapy
If a professional counselor would like to read critical test reviews of the Beck Depression Inventory, the counselor would be most interested in the publication known as
a. Tests.
b. Mental Measurements Yearbook.
c. Tests in Print.
d. Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing. - CORRECT ANSWER b. Mental Measurements Yearbook
In a single-subject design, it is most important to
a. have unequal time intervals between collections of baseline data.
b. have the intervention be distinctive from what is naturally
occurring for the subject.
c. randomly assign subjects to interventions.
d. All of the above. - CORRECT ANSWER b. have the intervention be distinctive from what is naturally
A client tells her' counselor that she is currently receiving counseling services from another mental health professional. According to ACA's ethical code, the counselor should
a. terminate the counseling relationship with the client.
b. ask the client to choose and continue seeing only one counselor.
c. ask the client for permission to contact the other professional to establish a collaborative relationship.
d. not do anything. - CORRECT ANSWER c. ask the client for permission to contact the other professional to establish a collaborative relationship.
_______________ is associated with meaningful experiences linked to a relationship with a divine entity, nature, or the universe, whereas _____________ is more ritualistic and organized.
a. religion, spirituality
b. spirituality, religion
c. Buddhism, Confucianism
d. Christianity, Taoism - CORRECT ANSWER b. spirituality, religion
Operant conditioning is based on the belief that
a. true learning does not require external reinforcement.
b. learning depends on which behaviors are reinforced.
c. learning occurs through observation.
d. learning occurs when an unconditioned stimulus is repeatedly paired with a conditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response. - CORRECT ANSWER b. learning depends on which behaviors are reinforced.
According to the theory of work adjustment, tenure refers to
a. an individual's ability to tolerate problematic and dissatisfying aspects of the job.
b. how long an individual will remain with a company.
c. how long an individual will endure unfavorable work conditions before changing jobs.
d. the degree to which the individual and work environment continue to meet each other's needs. - CORRECT ANSWER b. how long an individual will remain with a company.
At the core of individual psychology is the concept of
a. self-actualization.
b. social interest.
c. unconscious impulses.
d. individuation. - CORRECT ANSWER b. social interest.
According to Kurt Lewin, Theory Z refers to a(n)
a. democratic leadership style.
b. authoritarian leadership style.
c. autocratic leadership style.
d. laissez-faire leadership style. - CORRECT ANSWER d. laissez-faire leadership style.
Which one of the following is true regarding reliability?
a. Shorter tests are more reliable than longer tests.
b. High reliability estimates are reported when test items vary greatly in content.
c. The closer a reliability coefficient is to 0, the more reliable the instrument.
d. Speed tests yield spuriously high reliability coefficients. - CORRECT ANSWER d. Speed tests yield spuriously high reliability coefficients.
______________________ is a sampling technique that involves identifying convenient, existing subgroups and then randomly selecting subgroups.
a. Systematic sampling
b. Stratified random sampling
c. Cluster sampling
d. Quota sampling - CORRECT ANSWER c. Cluster sampling
A counselor who is going through a divorce is ethically expected to
a. stop providing counseling services if his or her emotions are likely to interfere with the ability to work with and help clients.
b. stop providing counseling services until the situation has been resolved.
c. seek supervision while working through this difficult time.
d. continue providing counseling services so that clients do not feel abandoned. - CORRECT ANSWER a. stop providing counseling services if his or her emotions are likely to interfere with the ability to work with and help clients.
Being able to revert to previous levels of functioning is termed
a. motivation.
b. resilience.
c. harmony.
d. participation. - CORRECT ANSWER b. resilience.
Interpreting new information in a way that alters a person's existing cognitive framework is called
a. adaptation.
b. accommodation.
c. organization.
d. assimilation. - CORRECT ANSWER b. accommodation.
Katherine Briggs and Isabel Myers developed the Myers-Briggs type theory, which was derived from the work of
a. Sigmund Freud.
b. Alfred Adler.
c. Albert Ellis.
d. Carl Jung. - CORRECT ANSWER d. Carl Jung.
Jungian counselors help clients uncover elements of their unconscious minds through
a. spirituality.
b. dreams.
c. culture.
d. All of the above. - CORRECT ANSWER d. All of the above.
Showing group members the proper way to execute a specific skill or behavior to help them learn is called
a. modeling.
b. role-playing.
c. initiating.
d. instructing. - CORRECT ANSWER a. modeling.
Validity
a. refers to how accurately an instrument measures a given construct.
b. refers to the consistency of test scores from one administration • to the next.
c. is concerned with the error found in instruments.
d. is never reported in terms of the specific test purpose and target population. - CORRECT ANSWER a. refers to how accurately an instrument measures a given construct.
The degree to which extraneous variables may be controlled (to accurately measure the relationship between independent variables and dependent variables) refers to
a. internal validity.
b. trustworthiness.
c. external validity.
d. statistical control. - CORRECT ANSWER a. internal validity.
Client records can be disposed of
a. once the counseling relationship has been permanently terminated.
b. only after the client has died.
c. 5 years after the counseling relationship has ended.
d. only if the counselor discontinues his or her practice. - CORRECT ANSWER c. 5 years after the counseling relationship has ended.
_______________ is similar to _________________
a. Covert racism; extermination
b. Physical attack; covert racism
c. Avoidance; overt racism
d. Overt racism; extermination - CORRECT ANSWER d. Overt racism; extermination
Gottfredson proposes that
a. adolescents give up more accessible career alternatives for those that are more compatible with their interests.
b. individuals will settle for a "good enough" career due to the limited accessibility of highly compatible career choices.
c. when the compromise is severe, individuals will sacrifice interest and prestige before gender role.
d. when the compromise is moderate, individuals will sacrifice prestige before interest. - CORRECT ANSWER c. when the compromise is severe, individuals will sacrifice interest and prestige before gender role.
At the core of cognitive therapy is the restructuring of clients'
a. irrational beliefs.
b. automatic thoughts.
c. cognitive fictions.
d. polarized thinking - CORRECT ANSWER b. automatic thoughts
Which of the following types of co-leadership is often used for mentoring purposes?
a. Experience with experience
b. Experience with inexperience
c. Inexperience with inexperience
d. All of the above. - CORRECT ANSWER b. Experience with inexperience
Sensitivity, a term used in decision accuracy, refers to
a. an instrument's ability to accurately identify the absence of a
phenomenon.
b. the extent to which an instrument enhances the accuracy of prediction of a specific criterion.
c. the ratio of total correct decisions divided by the total number
of decisions.
d. an instrument's ability to accurately identify the presence of a phenomenon. - CORRECT ANSWER d. an instrument's ability to accurately identify the presence of a phenomenon.
A professor concluded that the time students spent reading a research text predicted final examination scores. These results might come from a study.
a. comparative
b. regression
c. single-subject
d. time-series - CORRECT ANSWER b. regression
A counselor hears one of her colleagues revealing confidential information about a client at a party. The first thing the counselor should do is
a. file a report with an ethics committee.
b. tell the colleague's client what happened.
c. try to resolve the issue with the colleague informally.
d. keep the knowledge private until the counselor can be certain that this is not an isolated incident - CORRECT ANSWER c. try to resolve the issue with the colleague informally.
Sabrina indicates that she is experiencing difficulty adjusting to leaving her own country and adapting to her host country's culture. She is very likely experiencing
a. confianza stress.
b. acculturative stress.
c. model minority myth.
d. dissociative disorder. - CORRECT ANSWER b. acculturative stress.
A teacher notices that one of his students is having trouble understanding a new mathematical concept. To help the child, he provides her with additional examples, gives her hints, and uses questions to assist her in working through problems. Once it is clear that she is able to complete these problems on her own, he stops providing her with the example, hints, and questions he offered before. This technique is called
a. shaping.
b. positive reinforcement.
c. zone of proximal development.
d. scaffolding. - CORRECT ANSWER d. scaffolding.
Which of the following is TRUE regarding Super's lifespan, life-space career theory?
a. The theory describes five life roles: child, student, parent, worker, and retiree.
b. The theory outlines five developmental stages and 16 substages.
c. The life-career rainbow illustrates how the self-concept changes and develops over time as individuals acquire experiences.
d. The theory emphasizes the role gender and prestige play in making career decisions. - CORRECT ANSWER b. The theory outlines five developmental stages and 16 substages.
"If I don't have a significant other or someone who is interested in dating me it means that I'm completely unlovable and undesirable." This is an example of what type of distorted thinking?
a. Overgeneralization
b. Magnification
c. Dichotomous thinking
d. Selective abstraction - CORRECT ANSWER c. Dichotomous thinking
A group member is encouraged by the leader to refrain from giving advice to other members and instead focuses on self-disclosing about her own life. This member feels exceedingly uncomfortable talking about her life and prefers to try to help others solve their problems. This individual is experiencing
a. role ambiguity.
b. role dissonance.
c. role conflict.
d. role overload. - CORRECT ANSWER c. role conflict.
Which of the following is NOT an example of a measurement occurring on a nominal scale?
a. Socioeconomic status
b. Gender
c. Ethnicity
d. Eye color - CORRECT ANSWER a. Socioeconomic status
In a frequency distribution, the sums of the frequencies for all intervals will ___________________the total number of scores in the sample.
a. exceed
b. equal
c. be less than
d. be less than or equal to - CORRECT ANSWER b. equal
A client meets with a counselor and/during one of their sessions, reveals that her husband sometimes physically abuses her. The client says she is not ready to contact any authorities or leave her husband. In this situation, the counselor is
a. legally obligated to file a report with the police.
b. ethically obligated to file a report with the police.
c. legally and ethically obligated to file a report with the police.
d. neither legally nor ethically obligated to file a report with the police. - CORRECT ANSWER d. neither legally nor ethically obligated to file a report with the police.
A stressor that affects international students with greater frequency than other groups is
a. low self-worth.
b. terminal illness.
c. language.
d. substance abuse. - CORRECT ANSWER c. language.
___________________ memory only retains information for 1 or 2 seconds.
a. Short-term
b. Long-term
c. Executive
d. Sensory - CORRECT ANSWER d. Sensory
Gelatt proposed that a career decision can be terminal or investigatory. An investigatory career decision
a. is final.
b. calls for additional information.
c. is prescriptive.
d. is not recommended by Gelatt. - CORRECT ANSWER b. calls for additional information.
Which of the following is NOT a primary goal of Gestalt therapy?
a. Helping clients identify and attend to their most pressing needs
b. Helping clients make appropriate contact and withdrawal from their environments
c. Helping clients identify exceptions to their problems
d. Helping clients resolve their unfinished business - CORRECT ANSWER c. Helping clients identify exceptions to their problems
Which of the following resources is commonly used by leaders to teach members about appropriate self-disclosure?
a. Sharing diagram
b. Hill interaction matrix
c. Self-disclosure guidelines
d. Johari window - CORRECT ANSWER d. Johari window
The standard error of measurement
a. can be used to report validity.
b. is a measure of central tendency.
c. is the standard deviation of an individual's repeated test scores when administered the same instrument multiple times.
d. represents an individual's true test score. - CORRECT ANSWER c. is the standard deviation of an individual's repeated test scores when administered the same instrument multiple times.
The central goal of is to describe holistically a culture or cultural group.
a. ethnography
b. grounded theory
c. phenomenology
d. critical study - CORRECT ANSWER a. ethnography
Which of the following did NOT lead to the development of vocational guidance?
a. World War I
b. Industrial Revolution
c. Social reform movements
d. None of the above. All led to the development of vocational guidance. - CORRECT ANSWER a. World War I
The three phases of trauma counseling include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Remembrance and mourning
b. Establishing a safe environment
c. Reconnection with ordinary life
d. Engaging in anger management - CORRECT ANSWER d. Engaging in anger management
A child who has a low vocabulary for her age and trouble forming sentences may have
a. a phonological disorder.
b. a problem with stuttering.
c. an expressive language disorder.
d. a mixed receptive-expressive language disorder. - CORRECT ANSWER c. an expressive language disorder.
In narrative career counseling, the narrator of the client's story is referred to as the
a. storyteller.
b. agent.
c. instrument.
d. raconteur. - CORRECT ANSWER b. agent.
Humanistic-existential counselors
a. avoid interpreting or analyzing clients' motives or behavior.
b. focus on the present rather than the past.
c. believe that clients should direct counseling sessions.
d. All of the above. - CORRECT ANSWER d. All of the above.
It may be appropriate to interpret in a group member during group time.
a. resistance
b. sarcasm
c. monopolization
d. All of the above. - CORRECT ANSWER d. All of the above.
A __________________________ is calculated by dividing the number of correct test items by the total number of test items.
a. percentile rank
b. raw score
c. standard score
d. percentage score - CORRECT ANSWER d. percentage score
The assessment of the ongoing progress of a program is referred to as a(n)
a. needs assessment.
b. process evaluation.
c. outcome evaluation.
d. efficiency analysis. - CORRECT ANSWER b. process evaluation.
Under FERPA, which of the following is NOT true about directory information?
a. It includes students' honors and awards.
b. It includes students' grades and test scores.
c. Schools are required to send an annual notice to parents, and/ or students regarding directory information.
d. Schools can release directory information without student and/or parent consent. - CORRECT ANSWER b. It includes students' grades and test scores
Characteristics such as facial expression, posture, characteristics of movement, gestures, and eye contact are
a. kinesics.
b. paralanguage.
c. chronemics.
d. proxemics. - CORRECT ANSWER a. kinesics.
A woman who is unhappy with her marriage accuses her husband of wanting a divorce, even though he has never shown any indication of wanting to take such a course of action. What defense mechanism is the wife displaying?
a. Projection
b. Reaction formation
c. Displacement
Rationalization - CORRECT ANSWER a. Projection
Which of the following career assessments does not use Holland's six personality types?
a. Vocational Preference Inventory
b. Self-Directed Search
c. Campbell Interest and Skill Survey
d. Strong Interest Inventory - CORRECT ANSWER c. Campbell Interest and Skill Survey
_____________________ do not have any desire to change and are unwilling to admit that a problem exists.
a. Customers
b. Visitors
c. Complainants
d. Preservers - CORRECT ANSWER b. Visitors
A is NOT an example of a planned theme group.
a. grief and loss group
b. growth group for adolescent females
c. social skills group
d. divorce group - CORRECT ANSWER b. growth group for adolescent females
If a student scored a 48 on an exam for which the mean was 56 and the standard deviation was 4, what can be said about the student's score?
a. The score fell two standard deviations below the mean.
b. The score fell close to the 95th percentile.
c. The score fell two standard deviations above the mean.
d. The score fell at the 50th percentile. - CORRECT ANSWER a. The score fell two standard deviations below the mean.
An example of _________________ research is examining the relationship between number of play therapy sessions and children's behavioral problems.
a. quantitative
b. qualitative
c. single-subject research design
d. None of the above. - CORRECT ANSWER a. quantitative
In regard to IDEA, all of the following terms apply EXCEPT:
a. least restrictive environment.
b. impairment of a major life activity.
c. free appropriate public education.
d. individualized education plan. - CORRECT ANSWER b. impairment of a major life activity.
According to the Hardiman's white racial identity development model, the _________________ stage is characterized by a conscious belief in the democratic ideal that everyone has an opportunity to succeed.
a. naivete
b. acceptance
c. resistance
d. redefinition - CORRECT ANSWER b. acceptance
Which of the following is a true statement about self actualization?
a. Self-actualization usually occurs during middle adulthood, if
at all.
b. Self-actualization can only be achieved when all of the lower needs on Maslow's hierarchy have been met.
c. Some people never become self-actualized.
d. All of the above. - CORRECT ANSWER d. All of the above.
Which career inventory assesses the psychological barriers that adults may face during a career transition, as well as the resources individuals possess to make a successful transition?
a. Career Orientation Placement and Evaluation Survey (COPES)
b. Transition-to-Work Inventory
c. Career Development Inventory
d. Career Transitions Inventory - CORRECT ANSWER d. Career Transitions Inventory
A skeleton key in solution-focused brief counseling is
a. a technique that can be used to help all clients, no matter what their presenting problem.
b. a technique that encourages clients to look for times when their problem does not occur or is less severe.
c. a technique that is specifically designed for clients based on their unique situation.
d. None of the above. - CORRECT ANSWER a. a technique that can be used to help all clients, no matter what their presenting problem.
If co-leaders are used, the group size
a. should stay the same.
b. should be reduced.
c. can be increased by over 50%.
d. None of the above. - CORRECT ANSWER c. can be increased by over 50%.
Deviation IQ scores have
a. a mean of O and a standard deviation of 1.
b. a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 50.
c. a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10.
d. a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. - CORRECT ANSWER d. a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15.
An agency counselor interviews adolescents, then administers a survey packet to them. This is an example of _____________ research.
a. concurrent exploratory
b. concurrent explanatory
c. sequential exploratory
d. sequential explanatory - CORRECT ANSWER c. sequential exploratory
In some states, minors who have reached a specified age can agree to receive certain services (e.g., counseling) without parental consent. These laws are called
a. youth consent laws.
b. minor consent laws.
c. informed minor laws.
d. juvenile consent laws. - CORRECT ANSWER b. minor consent laws
Internal locus of control (IC) refers to
a. people's ability to shape their own fate.
b. a fatalistic perspective.
c. self-worth.
d. people's ability to control their level of self-esteem. - CORRECT ANSWER a. people's ability to shape their own fate.
Children who have disorganized attachments to their caregivers would display which of the following kind of behavior?
a. They would feel securely attached to their caregivers and become upset on separation from their caregivers.
b. They would not display much expression on separation from caregivers and would seem puzzled on their return.
c. They would not pay attention to either the departures or the returns of their caregivers.
d. They would act clingy when caregivers leave and become extremely upset after separation from them. - CORRECT ANSWER b. They would not display much expression on separation from caregivers and would seem puzzled on their return.
_______________ factors influence occupational projections.
a. Technological
b. Economic
c. Population
d. All of the above. - CORRECT ANSWER d. All of the above.
A counselor asks a family member to physically arrange his or her family members in the room to help better understand family dynamics. This technique is called
a. family sculpting.
b. the pretend technique.
c. an enactment.
d. an ordeal. - CORRECT ANSWER a. family sculpting.
It is most important that pregroup interviews involve
a. icebreakers.
b. the presentation of an informed consent agreement.
c. high levels of member interaction.
d. None of the above. - CORRECT ANSWER b. the presentation of an informed consent agreement.
Which of the following is a characteristic of Raymond Cattell's term c1ystallized intelligence?
a. Innate ability that is not influenced by experience or education
b. Intelligence that is gained through learning and is greatly affected by life experiences and culture
c. Decreases with age
d. Consists of reasoning ability, memory capacity, and speed of information processing. - CORRECT ANSWER b. Intelligence that is gained through learning and is greatly affected by life experiences and culture
A(n) ________________ hypothesis is designed to consider extraneous or additional independent variables.
a. null
b. research
c. alternative
d. organismic - CORRECT ANSWER c. alternative
_________________ help clients with disabilities live more independently and find employment.
a. Rehabilitation counselors
b. School counselors
c. Occupational therapists
d. Clinical mental health counselors - CORRECT ANSWER a. Rehabilitation counselors
"I never felt Chinese. I was always surrounded by my mother's family from Puerto Rico, often traveling there, and speaking Spanish with my friends at school. The only Chinese people we knew were the delivery men." This statement most closely reflects the stage in Poston's (1990) model of biracial identity development.
a. personal identity
b. choice of group categorization
c. enmeshment/denial
d. integration - CORRECT ANSWER a. personal identity
Morality is judged by a person's intentions in the __________________ stage of Piaget's theory of moral development.
a. moral realism
b. premoral
c. moral intentionality
d. moral relativism - CORRECT ANSWER d. moral relativism
The __________________ is published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and provides occupational information on 270 broad occupations that are grouped into 11 different career clusters.
a. Standard Occupational Classification System (SOC)
b. Occupational Outlook Handbook (OOH)
c. Occupational Information Network (O*NET)
d. Guide for Occupational Exploration (GOE) - CORRECT ANSWER b. Occupational Outlook Handbook (OOH)
A well-functioning family develops, first and foremost, from a strong
a. sibling subsystem.
b. spousal subsystem.
c. parental subsystem.
d. All of the above. - CORRECT ANSWER b. spousal subsystem.
Member resistance is an example of
a. a contraindication to group work.
b. process dynamics.
c. a structural issue.
d. a leader style issue. - CORRECT ANSWER b. process dynamics.
The ____________ is the most well-known intelligence test, whereas the __________ is the most widely used intelligence test.
a. Stanford Achievement Test; Wide Range Achievement Test
b. Wechsler Scale; Stanford-Binet
c. Stanford Achievement Test; Wechsler Scale
d. Stanford-Binet; Wechsler Scale - CORRECT ANSWER d. Stanford-Binet; Wechsler Scale
You find a significant relationship between socioeconomic status and a particular mental health disorder. You can conclude that
a. socioeconomic status causes a mental health disorder.
b. the relationship between socioeconomic status and the mental health disorder is proven.
c. socioeconomic status and the mental health disorder may be associated.
d. socioeconomic status shares variance with ethnicity. - CORRECT ANSWER c. socioeconomic status and the mental health disorder may be associated.
Mental health practitioners from diverse specializations differ primarily in
a. the types of problems they address.
b. their ultimate goals for clients.
c. the types of treatment they are trained to use.
d. All of the above. - CORRECT ANSWER c. the types of treatment they are trained to use.
Which of the following is NOT typically experienced during the coming-out process?
a. The individual's relationships with friends are not seriously affected.
b. The individual feels an overwhelming sense of isolation.
c. The individual has feelings of anger, rejection, and grief.
d. The individual, who is emotionally and financially dependent on family, has less access to appropriate role models in - CORRECT ANSWER a. The individual's relationships with friends are not seriously affected.
Children generally begin talking
a. at 6 months.
b. at between 7 and 12 months.
c. at 12 months.
d. at between 13 and 18 months. - CORRECT ANSWER b. at between 7 and 12 months.
During the beginning phase of career counseling, the counselor
a. establishes the therapeutic alliance.
b. . reviews the client's progress and prepares the client for future challenges.
c. develops an action plan and provides interventions to address the client's concerns.
d. proposes and implements several interventions that address the client's concerns. - CORRECT ANSWER a. establishes the therapeutic alliance.
In a family counseling session, the counselor notices that the father sits between his two children while the mother sits off to the side. A common theme that emerges during the session is that the father allows the children to override the mother in making many important family decisions. To begin to establish a more appropriate hierarchy, the counselor asks the father to sit by his wife. This technique is called
a. unbalancing.
b. restructuring.
c. family sculpting.
d. an ordeal. - CORRECT ANSWER a. unbalancing.
High levels of group cohesion can result in
a. increased attendance.
b. increased self-disclosure.
c. increased effectiveness of the group.
d. All of the above. - CORRECT ANSWER d. All of the above.
The Myers-Briggs type indicator is
a. based on Carl Jung's psychological types.
b. used to assess for clinical symptomatology.
c. written at a fourth-grade reading level.
d. All of the above. - CORRECT ANSWER a. based on Carl Jung's psychological types.
If participants' scores are approximately equally distributed across a set of test score values, the data distribution is likely
a. platykurtic.
b. mesokurtic.
c. leptokurtic.
d. bimodal. - CORRECT ANSWER a. platykurtic.
Professional associations do NOT
a. provide professional development opportunities.
b. license counselors.
c. publish journals.
d. engage in advocacy. - CORRECT ANSWER b. license counselors.
European Americans likely possess what type of time orientation?
a. Past
b. Present
c. Future
d. None of the above. - CORRECT ANSWER c. Future
Children who have __________________ parents are often rebellious and low achievers.
a. authoritative
b. permissive
c. authoritarian
d. uninvolved - CORRECT ANSWER c. authoritarian
The majority of career interventions used in the United States are driven by
a. collectivism.
b. inequity.
c. affluence.
d. the notion that leisure is a salient aspect of people's lives. - CORRECT ANSWER c. affluence.
Arnold Lazarus is responsible for the development of
a. eye movement desensitization and reprocessing.
b. multimodal therapy.
c. eclectic counseling.
d. transactional analysis. - CORRECT ANSWER b. multimodal therapy.
________________ conflict can lead to growth within groups.
a. Moderate
b. Aggressive
c. Hostile
d.None of the above - CORRECT ANSWER a. Moderate
Based on the risk factors associated with committing suicide, which client is LEAST likely to commit suicide?
a. A 75-year-old widowed African American female who has a family history of suicides and is currently abusing prescription pain medications.
b. An 18-year-old, single Caucasian male who was recently
diagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorder and has reported homicidal thoughts.
c. A 31-year-old divorced Asian female who reports feelings of hopelessness and has a low tolerance for psychological pain.
d. A 63-year-old married Latino male who recently lost his job and has thoughts of suicide. - CORRECT ANSWER c. A 31-year-old divorced Asian female who reports feelings of hopelessness and has a low tolerance for psychological pain.
Which of the following is NOT a statistical assumption in inferential statistics?
a. An independent variable is normally distributed.
b. A dependent variable is normally distributed.
c. A ratio scale of measurement is used.
d. An interval scale of measurement is used. - CORRECT ANSWER a. An independent variable is normally distributed.
The ACA ethical code encourages counselors to develop their counseling plans
a. by themselves.
b. with the help of a colleague or supervisor.
c. with their clients.
d. with the help of a treatment manual. - CORRECT ANSWER c. with their clients.
A(n) ___________________ is typically an objective third party in conflict
resolution.
a. mediator
b. arbitrator
c. facilitator
d. None of the above. - CORRECT ANSWER b. arbitrator
Which of the following is NOT one of the five dimensions of wellness in the indivisible self-model?
a. Creative
b. Social
c. Practical
d. Essential - CORRECT ANSWER c. Practical
Which of the following is an example of a career development program objective?
a. Clients will obtain gainful employment.
b. Clients will improve their job search and interviewing skills by the end of this program.
c. Clients will increase their number of employer contacts by 25% within a 3-week period.
d. Clients will reach a career decision by reviewing occupational information. - CORRECT ANSWER c. Clients will increase their number of employer contacts by 25% within a 3-week period.
According to transactional analysis, the ___________________ ego state is characterized by logical thought and an unemotional approach to making decisions.
a. adult
b. parent
c. natural child
d. adapted child - CORRECT ANSWER a. adult
Which of the following is NOT a true statement about outcome evaluation?
a. Outcome evaluation can demonstrate accountability. •
b. The results of outcome evaluation should be used to improve a program.
c. Outcome evaluation is synonymous with formative evaluation.
d. Outcome evaluation is conducted to help determine whether to retain a program. - CORRECT ANSWER c. Outcome evaluation is synonymous with formative evaluation.
Bias in assessment can result from
a. the test.
b. the examiner.
c. global systems that affect the examinee.
d. All of the above. - CORRECT ANSWER d. All of the above
Which component of trustworthiness generally refers to the believability of qualitative research findings?
a. Credibility
b. Dependability
c. Reliability
d. Transferability - CORRECT ANSWER a. Credibility
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