Geriatrics Nursing Exam 1 - Questions and Answers Where does long term care take place? Long term care takes place in the home, assisted living nursing facility and hospice. What do older adult friendly communities do?
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Geriatrics Nursing Exam 1 - Questions and Answers Where does long term care take place? Long term care takes place in the home, assisted living nursing facility and hospice. What do older adult friendly communities do? Address basic needs, optimize health and wellness, maximize independence for the frail and disabled, and provide social and civic engagement. What are some interventions for the older adult who wishes to remain in their home? Adequate transportation, home modification, barrier free housing (wider doors and hallways 36", bathroom on the first floor, outlets at wheelchair level, reinforced walls for support bars). What are some models of housing for older adults? Shared housing, population-specific communities, and senior retirement communities. What do community-based care setting include? Adult day care facilities, residential care facilities, assisted living facilities, and continuing care retirement communities. What is PACE? Program for all-inclusive care for the elderly. It is an alternative to nursing home care. What kind of people are usually in acute care settings? Those with multiple chronic conditions and co-morbidities. What is an example of a long term care facility? A nursing home. What is the cost of care in a facility? On average, $215 per day or $78,475 annually. Care is paid through medicaid, medicare, out of pocket, and private insurance. What is OBRA? The omnibus reconciliation act of 1987 which was designed to improve care of those in nursing homes. Revisions and updates are frequent. Five star rating system. Regulations to protect residents' rights. What cultural changes have happened in nursing homes? Care has changed from a medical model to a "home model" of nurturing, support, and empowerment of caregivers. Homelike settings allow the client to make decisions. Principles of cultural change. Staff empowerment, residential involvement in decision making, individualized rather than routine task oriented care, relationship building, sense of community belonging, meaningful activities, homelike environment, and increased attention to respect staff and the value of culture change. What are some causes for transitions? Rehospitalizations, infections, new diagnoses, and relapses. What is a major stressor for the older adult client and family? Relocation. Characteristics include anxiety, insecurity alerted mental stats, depression, loss of control and physical problems. How can individuals cope with relocation stress? Control over environment, preparation for new situation, close monitoring and assessment from nurses, and familiar/treasured items. What is intrinsic aging? Changes which come from within. What is extrinsic aging? Changes which come from environmental factors (exposure to smoke or pollutants). What are triggers of aging influenced by? Genetics or by injury/abuse to the body. What is the biological aging theory? Cells in the body become disorganized or chaotic. Cells no longer replicate. Cellular death occurs. What is the error (stochastic) theory? Errors are accumulated in the synthesis of cellular DNA and RNA. With the accumulation of replication errors, cells are no longer able to function. What are the most common aging theories? Wear and tear, cross link, and oxidation stress (free-radical). What is the programmed (nonstochastic) theory? Aging is predetermined or "programmed" at cellular level. As more cells cease to replicate, signs of aging occur. What is the neuroendocrine-immunological theory? Cells of the immune system become more diversified with age. T lymphocytes show more signs of aging than B lymphocytes. What are some physical changes in aging of the skin?
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