ABCTE PTK Exam Study 391 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT

ABCTE PTK Exam Study 391 Questions with Verified Answers The highest level in Bloom's Taxonomy. Includes verbs such as: assess, create, compare, solve, judge, recommend, rate, relate, criticize, evaluate, summarize, a ...

ABCTE PTK Exam Study 391 Questions with Verified Answers The highest level in Bloom's Taxonomy. Includes verbs such as: assess, create, compare, solve, judge, recommend, rate, relate, criticize, evaluate, summarize, appraise. - CORRECT ANSWER Evaluate The second highest level in Bloom's Taxonomy. Includes verbs such as design, compose, invent, hypothesize, develop, construct, produce, plan, create, organize. - CORRECT ANSWER Synthesis A middle level in Bloom's Taxonomy. Includes verbs such as compare, analyze, classify, distinguish, categorize, differentiate, infer, survey, select, prioritize. - CORRECT ANSWER Analysis A middle level in Bloom's Taxonomy. Includes verbs such as organize, generalize, prepare, produce, choose, apply, solve, draw, show, paint. - CORRECT ANSWER Application a lower level in Bloom's Taxonomy. Includes verbs such as match, restate, paraphrase, give examples, express, illustrate, explain, defend, distinguish, summarize, interpret, interrelate. - CORRECT ANSWER comprehension The lowest level in Bloom's Taxonomy. Includes verbs such as select, list, name, define, describe, memorize, label, identify, recite, state, recognize. - CORRECT ANSWER knowledge Curricular standards communicate what? - CORRECT ANSWER what, when, and how to teach what lesson plans are designed to meet or achieve - CORRECT ANSWER standards the most important educational document - CORRECT ANSWER the lesson plan what does curriculum contain? - CORRECT ANSWER objectives, sample lessons, assessments, procedures, materials/equipment needed, activities, samples of student work what the student is supposed to learn - CORRECT ANSWER objective methods of determining effectiveness of the lessons - CORRECT ANSWER assessments What was the purpose of No Child Left Behind and the Every Student Succeeds Act? - CORRECT ANSWER to create a standardized curriculum for each subject area what is curriculum? - CORRECT ANSWER what the students are supposed to learn as a result of a specific educational sequence of events anchor papers - CORRECT ANSWER the reference for all other work; what is expected by students Who can help translate curriculum? - CORRECT ANSWER administrators and content specialists order the steps of instruction: re-design, teach, repeat, review, give assessment, write assessment, identify time limit of unit, evaluate instruction, review for assessment - CORRECT ANSWER 1. identify time limit of unit 2. write assessment 3. teach 4. review for assessment 5. give assessment 6. evaluate instruction 7. re-design 8. repeat Objectives should be specific enough that they can be used as ____________ questions. - CORRECT ANSWER Exam Lesson Objectives: what the students will ___________________ by the end of the lesson. - CORRECT ANSWER accomplish Agenda Items: what the class will ___________ to meet the lesson objectives. - CORRECT ANSWER do Pacing of material is dependant upon 3 things - CORRECT ANSWER 1. nature of students 2. nature of material 3. goals of the teacher periodic measuring devices that indicate student growth and also verify successful lessons - CORRECT ANSWER assessments should you schedule assessments based on the calendar date or the progress of the class? - CORRECT ANSWER based on progress of the class Who do you need to know before you begin planning lessons? - CORRECT ANSWER your students who can help you get to know your students? - CORRECT ANSWER prior teachers, counselors, administrators, other colleagues How much repetition is enough? - CORRECT ANSWER as much as possible until mastery is acheived What should inform your instruction? - CORRECT ANSWER assessments Name three important things to consider when choosing a seating arrangement. - CORRECT ANSWER 1. visibility of students 2. movement by the teacher 3. space for isolation 4. students should always be in front of the teacher 5. utilize a second teacher's desk in the room 6. considers the distance between students what is fostered when students are seated close together or in groups? - CORRECT ANSWER interaction between students when should you prepare class rules and their consequences? - CORRECT ANSWER BEFORE school begins Name some ways to create a positive learning environment. - CORRECT ANSWER 1. greet students at the door 2. display examples of student work 3. make the classroom feel open, welcoming, and caring Definition= The learning and practice of teaching - CORRECT ANSWER Pedagogy Lessons are intended for the _________________ of the audience, not for the ____________________ of the teacher. - CORRECT ANSWER benefit convenience What are the steps of the Learning Cycle based on Piaget's learning theory? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. exploration 2. concept introduction 3. concept application In Piaget's learning cycle, exploration is what? - CORRECT ANSWER the beginning of instruction addresses the concrete level of thinking- lower order thinking skills teacher's job is to replace misconceptions with correct knowledge When beginning a lesson, you should provide... - CORRECT ANSWER a context for the material In Piaget's learning cycle, concept introduction is... - CORRECT ANSWER the teaching stage the guided discovery stage- students are constructing meaning based on the teacher's lessons In Piaget's learning cycle, concept application is... - CORRECT ANSWER where students apply what they have learned to new situations students formulate a new idea or understanding should lead directly into the exploration stage of the next curricular concept what are some ways to identify what the students already know? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. offer a pre-test on the material 2. group discussion 3. student interviews 4. classroom participation how can you provide context for learning new concepts? - CORRECT ANSWER create "bridges" between the old and the new what are some ways to stimulate active learning? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. minimize unnecessary info or distractions 2. utilize sufficient relevant examples 3. organize curriculum around a central theme or idea 4. require review, memorization, repetition, and mnemonic devices 5. provide study and memory aides prior to the lesson warm-up, lecture, demonstrations, gallery walk, using graphic organizers, and questioning are all teaching strategies to use with what types of groups? - CORRECT ANSWER whole/large groups what is a "bell ringer"? - CORRECT ANSWER daily work that is completed by the students as soon as they enter the room allows the teacher time to complete clerical tasks this is the most common and efficient whole group teaching strategy - CORRECT ANSWER lecture what is the engagement time of most students during a lecture? - CORRECT ANSWER 15-20 minutes what type of teaching is demonstrated by the teacher showing students a technique, process, or procedure example- the teacher shows the class how to write the letters in the alphabet before the students practice it themselves - CORRECT ANSWER directed-teaching what type of whole group teaching strategy is most relied upon in the classroom, but should never take the place of the teacher's lesson plan? - CORRECT ANSWER worksheets how can worksheets benefit a lesson? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. provide additional practice 2. provide repetition 3. can serve as a review of the material 4. helps refresh student's memories name some sources of technology utilized in the classroom. - CORRECT ANSWER 1. computers/laptops/tablets 2. LCD projectors 3. SMART boards 4. the Internet 5. WebQuest Name 5 graphic organizers. - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Venn Diagram 2. Quadrant/Frayer Model 3. KWL Chart 4. T-Chart 5. Outline 6. Concept Map/Web/Cluster 7. Timeline 8. Portfolio 9. Flow Chart 10. Flashcards What is a KWL chart? - CORRECT ANSWER a graphic organizer that allows students to iterate what they Know, what they Want to know, and what they have Learned about a concept. completed as 3 columns. Recall questions are best used for which age group? - CORRECT ANSWER elementary students Which type of questions are theoretical questions with hypothetical answers? Usually contain more than one answer - CORRECT ANSWER open-ended questions probing questions promote... - CORRECT ANSWER thoughtful inquiry deeper thinking by the student Which type of questions can provide an assessment of knowledge attainment? - CORRECT ANSWER guiding questions How long does it take for new learning to be understood and transferred into long-term memory? - CORRECT ANSWER 5 seconds Do the quality of answers increase or decrease with increased wait time? - CORRECT ANSWER increase An instructional response that asks the student to re-word their thinking so that the teacher can collect more info or provide clarity. - CORRECT ANSWER Clarifying a type of instructional response that restates or summarizes a student answer using different wording. - CORRECT ANSWER paraphrasing an instructional response that uses a neutral tone, promotes the flow of the lesson, continues thinking, and offers a non-committal response to the students. - CORRECT ANSWER Non-Judgmental an instructional response that imparts advice to the students - CORRECT ANSWER Advisory the manner in which students conduct themselves - CORRECT ANSWER student deportment What is a piggyback response? - CORRECT ANSWER where an answer builds upon the previous answer What is the SQ3R/SQ4R instructional strategy useful for? - CORRECT ANSWER useful in getting students to interact with reading passages. What are the elements of SQ3R/SQ4R? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. survey 2. Questions 3. Reading/Relate 4. Recite 5. Review How are students grouped when they are differentiated? - CORRECT ANSWER they are grouped by academic need What is scaffolding? - CORRECT ANSWER breaking learning into parts What is think-pair-share? - CORRECT ANSWER an instructional strategy for small groups where students: 1. think- individually come to an answer 2. pair- work in pairs to combine responses into a new one 3. share- present new, combined reponses what is the RAFT instructional technique? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Role 2. Audience 3. Format 4. Topic what is a portfolio? - CORRECT ANSWER a collection of student work that demonstrates their level of achievement can be used as assessment technique What are tiered assignments? - CORRECT ANSWER differentiation based on academic ability and preferred modality of learning What things do an effective lesson closure contain? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. summary of objectives 2. connections between prior and future lessons What can a well-constructed lesson minimize? - CORRECT ANSWER Disruptions Every lesson has 3 things... - CORRECT ANSWER 1. a beginning 2. a middle 3. an end applying behavior, knowledge, and skills acquired during a learning event the ability to effectively use acquired content knowledge and skills - CORRECT ANSWER learning transfer What is a teacher-centered lesson plan? - CORRECT ANSWER one where the teacher does most of the work students are passive learners Example= lecture what is a student-centered lesson? - CORRECT ANSWER one where the student does most of the work (accomplishing a task) students are motivated, active learners students are allowed to talk and answer questions Which is more effective for transfer of learning- a teacher-centered lesson or a student-centered lesson? - CORRECT ANSWER student-centered What is meta-cognition? - CORRECT ANSWER awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes. a successful teacher views discipline as a ___________________ and a ________________________. - CORRECT ANSWER process; product what is practical knowledge? - CORRECT ANSWER learning from others what is professional knowledge? - CORRECT ANSWER learning on the job knowing __________ to teach is just as important as knowing ____________ to teach. - CORRECT ANSWER how; what New teachers can learn a lot from __________________ teachers. - CORRECT ANSWER successful what is the difference between a lockdown and a shelter-in-place? - CORRECT ANSWER a lockdown is when students and staff are locked in their rooms a shelter-in-place is when students and staff are locked inside the school; more secure The ability to effect a meaningful, positive change with lasting effects is called what? - CORRECT ANSWER significance Deliberate instruction includes intentional lessons. They also... - CORRECT ANSWER 1. are well-planned 2. have a clearly-stated objective 3. show an understanding of the audience The Whole Child Approach to Education strives to train up students who are... - CORRECT ANSWER 1. stewards of the world 2. citizens of the world Name some skills that "global learners" possess. - CORRECT ANSWER 1. communication skills 2. cultural competency 3. problem-solving skills 4. collaboration skills 5. teamwork skills On the first day of school, what are the most important things to do in order to establish classroom management? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. learn student names as quickly as possible 2. be positive 3. be prepared 4. begin class with a warm-up activity 5. greet students as they come in the door 6. familiarize students with the class rules/expectations never miss an opportunity to praise a child for... - CORRECT ANSWER 1. effort 2. quality work 3. good behavior what do warm-up activities at the beginning of class do to benefit the student? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. focuses the student on learning 2. can serve as a review of previously learned content what do warm-up activities at the beginning of class do to benefit the teacher? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. works to control disruptions 2. provides an opportunity to perform clerical duties 3. helps to fill the entire instructional time A teacher should position themselves so that they can see as many __________________ as possible. - CORRECT ANSWER students where is the best place to sit when administering a whole-class test to students? - CORRECT ANSWER behind them How should homework relate to the learning process? - CORRECT ANSWER it should extend it; there should not be any new learning taking place during homework time, but merely be an extension of what has already been learned serve as a form of repetition and practice Name some subtle disciplinary strategies. - CORRECT ANSWER 1. the "evil eye" 2. proximity 3. ask the student to stop their misbehavior 4. get the misbehaving student involved with the lesson 5. move the student's seat 6. use humor subtle disciplinary strategies do not interrupt the ____________ of the lesson. - CORRECT ANSWER flow a subtle disciplinary strategy that includes non-blinking eye contact with the misbehaving student - CORRECT ANSWER the "evil eye" what disciplinary strategy is LEAST disruptive to the lesson flow? - CORRECT ANSWER proximity No disciplinary tactic works for ____________ student ______________ time - CORRECT ANSWER every; every mentally participating to the speaker - CORRECT ANSWER active listening a condition that inhibits the ability of the student to concentrate - CORRECT ANSWER ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder) a condition that not only inhibits the ability to concentrate but also causes the learner to be impulsive, easily distracted, and overly active. - CORRECT ANSWER ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder) the feelings, emotions, and attitudes of individuals - CORRECT ANSWER Affective Domain a rigid set of standards or rules for performing a task - CORRECT ANSWER algorithm matching what is taught and tested to learning goals or standards - CORRECT ANSWER alignment moving from knowledge to the ability to use the information - CORRECT ANSWER application a standardized test that is designed to predict future performance levels in a given subject - CORRECT ANSWER Aptitude test classroom management in which rules are given and applied consistently but without hostility - CORRECT ANSWER assertive discipline a measure of what students know (declarative information) and are able to do (procedures) - CORRECT ANSWER assessment fitting new knowledge into existing processes - CORRECT ANSWER assimilation foundation skills such as reading and math that form the basis for other skills - CORRECT ANSWER basic skills changing an undesirable behavior through a prescribed learning theory - CORRECT ANSWER behavior modification the goals of the learning stated as observable behavior - CORRECT ANSWER behavioral objectives a baseline of data usually grade and/or subject specific - CORRECT ANSWER benchmark learning based on how the brain works - CORRECT ANSWER brain-based learning a teaching strategy in which students generate many ideas without concern about quality - CORRECT ANSWER brainstorming federal program in which money is given to districts that have a high number of disadvantaged students - CORRECT ANSWER Title I the place in the lesson where the teacher makes sure that students have mastered the learning before moving to the next step in the lesson - CORRECT ANSWER checking for mastery the place in the lesson where the teacher checks to make sure that students understand before moving on in the teaching process. - CORRECT ANSWER checking for understanding the mood of the classroom including teacher-student interactions, student-student interactions, and the belief system in the classroom - CORRECT ANSWER classroom climate the process of managing student behavior in the classroom - CORRECT ANSWER classroom control the classroom climate as well as the teacher's ability to manage behavior and the tasks of the class - CORRECT ANSWER classroom management the part of the lesson in which the teacher summarizes the learning - CORRECT ANSWER closure teaching that includes modeling, observation of student behaviors and immediate feedback - CORRECT ANSWER coaching the mental operations of thinking - CORRECT ANSWER cognition thought and reasoning usually divided into two categories- knowledge or factual, and processes - CORRECT ANSWER cognitive development objectives that measure knowledge and/or processes demonstrated by the student - CORRECT ANSWER cognitive objectives the collective feelings or emotions of a group - CORRECT ANSWER cohesiveness a test to measure the ability of students to meet a given set of objectives, usually state or national objectives - CORRECT ANSWER competency test a graphic representation of relationships between and among a given set of criteria - CORRECT ANSWER concept map a learner-centered approach based on the idea that students construct knowledge for themselves based on what they already know and by interaction with new information - CORRECT ANSWER constructivism questioning in which the number of possible answers is very limited, usually to one possible answer - CORRECT ANSWER convergent questioning a teaching strategy in which students work together in groups toward a common goal - CORRECT ANSWER cooperative learning required curriculum for all students - CORRECT ANSWER core thinking that leads to new ideas or ways of looking at things - CORRECT ANSWER creative thinking a standardized test designed to measure a student's level of mastery of a given set of standards, goals, or objectives - CORRECT ANSWER criterion-referenced test occurs when all elements of society are valued and the language and traditions of the groups are maintained - CORRECT ANSWER cultural pluralism learning that moves from general concepts to specific concepts - CORRECT ANSWER deductive learning reasoning that moves from general ideas to a specific conclusion - CORRECT ANSWER deductive reasoning Maslow used this term to describe the basic needs of survival, safety, belonging, and self-esteem - CORRECT ANSWER deficiency needs a test designed to identify areas of strength and weakness in a student - CORRECT ANSWER diagnostic test the control of student behavior in the classroom - CORRECT ANSWER discipline a teaching technique that follows the following processes: 1. identify the problem 2. develop a hypothesis 3. test the hypothesis 4. arrive at a conclusion - CORRECT ANSWER discovery learning practice that is repeated over time, usually at pre-set intervals - CORRECT ANSWER distributed practice thinking that leads to a conclusion or product that is unique to the individual - CORRECT ANSWER divergent thinking a disorder in which the individual has difficulty learning to read, write, and spell - CORRECT ANSWER dyslexia the ability to understand the feelings and actions of other - CORRECT ANSWER empathy questions that require judgment to be made - CORRECT ANSWER empirical questions The amount of time students are actively engaged in learning activities is known as _______ - CORRECT ANSWER engaged time the intentional design and delivery of information by the teacher to the students. Processes: 1. teacher models/demonstrates skills 2. substantial time for practice and opportunity to apply the skills 3. opportunity for feedback - CORRECT ANSWER explicit instruction motivation that is triggered by rewards outside the individual - CORRECT ANSWER extrinsic motivation Free Appropriate Public Education that is guaranteed by federal law to special education students - CORRECT ANSWER FAPE assessment that takes place throughout the lesson - CORRECT ANSWER formative assessment the gathering of data, during the time the program is being developed, to guide the development process - CORRECT ANSWER formative evaluation structural organizers that visually help students to organize and see relationships in the learning - CORRECT ANSWER graphic organizers a method of grouping in which students of varying abilities, interests, achievement levels, and backgrounds are grouped together - CORRECT ANSWER heterogeneous grouping a method of grouping in which students with the same abilities, interests, achievement levels, and backgrounds are grouped together - CORRECT ANSWER homogeneous grouping an act that provides special education and services for children with disabilities - CORRECT ANSWER IDEA Individuals with Disabilities Education Act the phase of instruction that occurs after skills and strategies have been explicitly taught and practiced under teacher direction or supervision. Involves the application of newly taught skills in familiar formats or tasks and reinforces skill acquisition - CORRECT ANSWER independent practice a teaching strategy in which the student learns through discovery - CORRECT ANSWER indirect teaching making a general conclusion based on several examples - CORRECT ANSWER inductive reasoning asking questions to obtain information - CORRECT ANSWER inquiry the learning, idea, or processes becomes a part of the learner so that it is second nature - CORRECT ANSWER internalization motivation triggered from within usually from a perceived need or goal - CORRECT ANSWER intrinsic motivation repeating the practice over and over in a short span of time - CORRECT ANSWER massed practice the process of thinking about our thinking and how we learned information - CORRECT ANSWER metacognition a teaching method that helps aid a student's ability to store and retrieve factual information - CORRECT ANSWER mnemonic a test designed to compare a student's score with the average score of a specified group - CORRECT ANSWER norm-referenced test rules that apply to everyong - CORRECT ANSWER norms a description of the desired results of learning - CORRECT ANSWER objective the rate at which progress is made through curriculum or at which the teacher conducts individual lessons - CORRECT ANSWER pacing the science of teaching - CORRECT ANSWER pedagogy the score at or below which scores fall - CORRECT ANSWER percentile questions that require students to think about their answers and to answer in a more complex or complete manner than their initial response - CORRECT ANSWER probing questions an instructional approach in which students learn to ask teacher-type probing questions - CORRECT ANSWER reciprocal teaching temporary support, guidance, or assistance provided to a student on a new or complex task providing appropriate instructional interactions on new or complex tasks with a goal of leading to independence - CORRECT ANSWER scaffolding our mental pictures that guide our behavior - CORRECT ANSWER schema how a person sees himself/herself - CORRECT ANSWER self-concept an enactment that represents real life to the extent possible - CORRECT ANSWER simulation a phase of instruction that occurs after the teacher explicitly models, demonstrates, or introduces a new skill or strategy phase where students practice new skills/strategies under teacher supervision while also receiving feedback on performance - CORRECT ANSWER structured/guided practice the assessment that comes at the end of a body of learning and is usually used to determine success or failure - CORRECT ANSWER summative assessment 1. allocating sufficient time for essential skills 2. organizing lessons to prevent confusion 3. introducing manageable and sequential units 4. identifying prerequisite skills and building on prior knowledge 5. reviewing previously taught skills 6. integrating old knowledge with new knowledge 7. progressing skills from easier to more complex - CORRECT ANSWER systematic instruction 1. begin with a short review of previous content 2. state objective 3. present new material in small steps; sufficient practice after each step 4. clear and detailed instructions and explanations 5. provide a high level of active practice 6. ask a large number of questions; check for understanding 7. guide students during initial practice 8. provide feedback and corrections 9. provide explicit instruction for independent practice and monitor - CORRECT ANSWER well-structured lessons the ability to apply knowledge in new situations - CORRECT ANSWER transfer the amount of time a teacher waits for a student to respond to a question - CORRECT ANSWER wait time Name 3 examples of serious offenses - CORRECT ANSWER 1. fighting 2. bullying 3. sexual harassment 4. threats toward teacher/student 5. possession of weapon/drugs What does it mean to A.I.D. a situation? - CORRECT ANSWER Your response to the situation should be: A- appropriate I- immediate D- decisive Next to students, who are the best consumers of educational services? - CORRECT ANSWER parents How often should you inform parents of their students' progress? - CORRECT ANSWER regularly; for those who are struggling and for those who are doing well When speaking with parents, what should you be prepared with in regards to improving student progress? - CORRECT ANSWER possible interventions Uninformed parents are not able to ______________ their kids. - CORRECT ANSWER help What are some key things to remember when speaking with parents? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. communicate as a professional 2. maintain a professional appearance 3. avoid educational lingo 4. consider your non-verbal language What should dictate your conversation with parents when their students are struggling? - CORRECT ANSWER the data at hand parents will always want to know what? - CORRECT ANSWER how they compare to the rest of the class In what manner should you conduct parent conferences? - CORRECT ANSWER construct behavioral commentary in an uplifting manner and have a plan to correct poor progress What is PBIS? - CORRECT ANSWER Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports what is assessment? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. information-gathering 2. documenting knowledge, skills, attitudes, and beliefs 3. determining whether or not objectives have been met 4. a measure of how well the student is learning and how well the teacher is teaching 5. student, teacher, parent, and institutional accountability 6. a method to analyze and improve teaching and learning 7. a means to motivate students What are the 6 purposes of assessment? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. identify strengths and weaknesses of individual students 2. inform parents of their child's progress 3. show students their progress toward mastery 4. to promote a cyclical concept of continual learning (assessment>instruction>assessment...) 5. to evaluate the effectiveness of the instructional implementation 6. to present personalized student data What are some examples of summative tests/assessments? - CORRECT ANSWER SAT, AP tests, high-stakes exams Summative tests must be formulated in response to what content? - CORRECT ANSWER curricular objectives when should a teacher create summative assessments in the instructional process? - CORRECT ANSWER before teaching the unit What are some examples of formative assessments? - CORRECT ANSWER practice tests, classwork, self-reflection activities, anecdotal records What is an attribute of effective student feedback? - CORRECT ANSWER it connects individual students with the exact area that needs improvement and also with proficient areas what are some examples of ipsative assessments? - CORRECT ANSWER musical competitions, athletic events What is an Ipsative Assessment? - CORRECT ANSWER An assessment that involves the comparison of scores over time. must be done with the same concepts, material, skills, or processes what is a diagnostic test? - CORRECT ANSWER a test which looks back on prior student learning and provides data that connects to new learning provides baseline data that is utilized before teaching the curriculum What are some examples of performance assessments? - CORRECT ANSWER speeches, debates, hands-on problem solving, original compositions, essays, illustrations what is a performance assessment? - CORRECT ANSWER an exhibition of skills (not a pen and paper test) What are some examples of criterion-referenced assessments? - CORRECT ANSWER statewide exams, driving test, citizenship test; any exam where you are considered proficient or not what are some examples of norm-referenced assessments? - CORRECT ANSWER IQ test, president's fitness test, cohort-referenced assessments What is a criterion-referenced assessment? - CORRECT ANSWER A student is measured based on his / her own mastery of a skill rather than comparing the student to others what is a norm-referenced assessment? - CORRECT ANSWER An assessment that compares a child's skills to other students who took the test what is the definition of a valid assessment? - CORRECT ANSWER a valid assessment is one that measures what it is intended to measure What is reliability in regards to assessment? - CORRECT ANSWER the ability of the assessment to replicate the same results what is the definition of bias in relation to assessments? - CORRECT ANSWER bias is some characteristics that is present that unfairly affects a student's score what are the three types of bias that can be present in assessments? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. fairness 2. prejudice 3. stereotyping What are some ways to improve fairness in assessments? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. do not include any non-essential vocabulary 2. do not present unlikely situations 3. test items should be equally familiar 4. test items should not be too lengthy what is an objective question? - CORRECT ANSWER there is only ONE correct answer what is a subjective question? - CORRECT ANSWER there is more than one correct answer What two things does a multiple choice question contain? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. a stem (a question) 2. distractors (several answer choices) what are the most difficult types of questions on assessments? - CORRECT ANSWER essay questions because they are subjective and students need to study more in order to be successful what is a reluctant learner? - CORRECT ANSWER one who is unmotivated or unengaged what type of assessment can be used to display student growth over time? - CORRECT ANSWER portfolio What type of feedback will help students improve their learning and prepare for mastery? - CORRECT ANSWER feedback that is specific and descriptive What is a raw score? - CORRECT ANSWER Actual score before manipulation. what is the range of a data set? - CORRECT ANSWER The range of a set of data is the difference between the highest and lowest values in the set. what can you determine about a class's performance if the range is high? what if it is low? - CORRECT ANSWER if it is high, then achievement is highly varied if it is low, then the class performed at about the same level What does it mean if a student scores in the 25th percentile at a score of 39? - CORRECT ANSWER This means 25% of scores were at or below a score of 39 Describe the first quartile of a data set. - CORRECT ANSWER 25% of scores are below this point; 75% are above this point the bottom 1/4 of the data set left-hand side of a curve Describe the second quartile. - CORRECT ANSWER 50% of scores are above this point, and 50% are below this point the median of the data set Describe the 3rd quartile. - CORRECT ANSWER 25% of scores are above this point, 75% are below How is the Interquartile Range calculated? - CORRECT ANSWER quartile 3 - quartile 1 the difference between the upper and lower quartiles represents the bulk of the population of the data set what does the frequency distribution indicate? - CORRECT ANSWER how many students scored at the same level What is a histogram? - CORRECT ANSWER a graphic representation of related data; usually a bar graph what is skew? - CORRECT ANSWER when results favor one side or the other of a normal bell curve what does it mean if data is positively skewed? - CORRECT ANSWER the data favors the left side of the curve; a higher concentration of lower scores what does it mean if data is negatively skewed? - CORRECT ANSWER the data favors the right side of the curve; a higher concentration of higher scores what is central tendency? - CORRECT ANSWER It s the center of a distribution: Mean, Median or Mode What is the mode of a data set? - CORRECT ANSWER the most frequently occuring score what is the median of a data set? - CORRECT ANSWER the middle value of the data set what is the mean of a data set? - CORRECT ANSWER the mathematical average of all the scores What is the most common measure of central tendency? - CORRECT ANSWER mean How accurate is the mean of a data set? - CORRECT ANSWER CAN be accurate, but can also be swayed by extreme scores (either high or low) What is the most accurate measure of central tendency? - CORRECT ANSWER the median What is standard deviation? - CORRECT ANSWER the mean of the mean the measure of the spread of scores around the mean in a normal curve If the standard deviation of a data set is a small number, what does this tell you about the data points? - CORRECT ANSWER they are clustered around the mean if it is a large number, the data points are widely spread What is the percentage of scores within each standard deviation? - CORRECT ANSWER 67% of scores within 1 deviation of the mean 95% within 2 deviations 99.7% within 3 deviations State the steps for calculating the standard deviation. - CORRECT ANSWER 1. determine the mean of the data set 2. subtract the mean from each score in the data set and square each result 3. add the results together and calculate the new mean (minus 1) 4. take the square root of the new mean What term is a co-relation which defines how well two separate variables go together? - CORRECT ANSWER Correlation Correlations are often used to predict what? - CORRECT ANSWER events Which type of correlational relationship would the following statement indicate? As one variable increases, so does the other. - CORRECT ANSWER Positive correlation Which type of correlational relationship would the following statement indicate? As one variable increases, the other decreases. - CORRECT ANSWER Negative Correlation What is the name of a statistic that indicates the degree/strength of the linear relationship between two variables? Often indicated by a +/-. - CORRECT ANSWER Pearson Product/Moment Correlation Coefficient What does a +1.0 correlation coefficient indicate? - CORRECT ANSWER perfect positive relationship; when A goes up, B also goes up What does a -1.0 correlation coefficient indicate? - CORRECT ANSWER a perfect negative/inverse relationship; when A goes up, B goes down (and the inverse is also true) What does a 0.0 correlation mean? - CORRECT ANSWER there is no correlation between the two variables; the data points on a scatter plot are random or circular What does a correlation NOT prove/show? - CORRECT ANSWER cause & effect What is the most common type of predictive correlation? - CORRECT ANSWER the pearson coefficient What are the steps to calculating variance of a data set? How is this different from calculating standard deviation? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. Calculate the mean of the data set 2. Subtract the mean from each individual score and square the result 3. Add all the squared results together 4. divide this sum by the population size (or minus 1) When calculating standard deviation, after step 4, you would take the square root of the result. What does a negatively skewed graph tell us about the mean and median? - CORRECT ANSWER The median is greater than the mean. What does a positively skewed graph tell us about the mean and median? - CORRECT ANSWER The median is less than the mean. What does a normal curve tell us about the mean and median? - CORRECT ANSWER the median is equal to the mean Behavioral objectives must consist of two main components. What are these components? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. they must be measurable 2. they contain an action verb What is the best way to close a lesson? - CORRECT ANSWER assess the effectiveness of the lesson through group work so the teacher can monitor and adjust before students work individually Have the students identify the important topics and conclusions in group discussions What does a teacher need to do in order to help students develop a concrete understanding of a rule relationship? - CORRECT ANSWER show them HOW and WHY the rule works When is the appropriate time to use a Venn diagram? - CORRECT ANSWER when comparing/contrasting TWO items When is the appropriate time to utilize a web cluster graphic organizer? - CORRECT ANSWER when you want students to identify the details of one specific topic When is a cause and effect chart most useful? - CORRECT ANSWER when showing the relationship between EVENTS When should you use a flow chart? - CORRECT ANSWER to show a process with multiple steps/options What is the appropriate use for an outline? - CORRECT ANSWER to organize a LINEAR discussion or argument What are t-charts useful for? - CORRECT ANSWER examining TWO sides of the same topic (ex. Pro and Con) What drives the lesson, the activity or the objective? - CORRECT ANSWER the objective Students need to be taught what about graphic organizers before they can be used? - CORRECT ANSWER how to use them What is the best routine to foster learning in a middle-school aged class? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. provide a warm-up activity 2. review yesterday's homework 3. introduce new material 4. provide guided practice of the new material 5. assign new homework What should a teacher do in order to make homework a useful teaching tool? - CORRECT ANSWER review the work done in order to correct mistakes/misconceptions before introducing new content Students should be provided time to do what before they work independently on homework? - CORRECT ANSWER they need time to practice what they have learned and be provided feedback What is the best way to aid retention of learning? - CORRECT ANSWER get the students actively involved in thier learning If more than half of your students performs poorly on a quiz, what should you do? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. tell the students that the quiz will not count 2. re-teach the objectives 3. give the students a DIFFERENT quiz Should homework be a source of learning new material? - CORRECT ANSWER no. Homework should be a review of the concepts covered in class. Homework should not take hours to complete and the content should match the amount of time it requires to complete When are flashcards useful? - CORRECT ANSWER when learning new vocabulary words What is the best way to assess prior knowledge when beginning a lesson? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. doing so in a way that you can correct any misinformation 2. doing so in a way that is open-ended and attention-grabbing When working in small groups, what should the teacher do in order to make these groups effective? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. hold individual students accountable by giving each a role 2. group by ability, not by social connection Should a teacher share the lesson objectives with their students? - CORRECT ANSWER yes. 1. helps the students to be on the same page as the teacher 2. helps the students to strive for the same learning goals 3. helps students to focus on the goal for the day How should complex information be taught? - CORRECT ANSWER in small steps with practice in between each step When starting a new unit, what types of questions should a teacher ask? - CORRECT ANSWER ones that have verifiable answers in order for students to build a store of information to pull from at a later time In the beginning of a teaching unit, what "W" questions should a teacher use? - CORRECT ANSWER what and where- they have verifiable answers Towards the end of a teaching unit, what "W" questions can a teacher begin to use? - CORRECT ANSWER How and why- those that involve more complex thinking What is an effective cognitive strategy for teaching students how to correctly spell words? (non-specific) - CORRECT ANSWER one that uses a specific routine that gets results What is the purpose of a self-checking worksheet for students? - CORRECT ANSWER it provides immediate feedback for the students on whether or not their answers are correct Disruptive students benefit from what kind of expectations? - CORRECT ANSWER those that are clear and consistently enforced Encouragement and sympathy do not correct bad behavior _________________. - CORRECT ANSWER Effectively If a student is unsure about their answer to a question, how should the teacher prompt them to show whether or not they are competent in the topic? - CORRECT ANSWER ask the student to explain WHY their answer is correct. Be sure to give them time to think and explain. A student who turns in homework with blatant errors is either asking for help or acting out. In either instance, what should be the course of action? - CORRECT ANSWER notify the parents and encourage them to ensure homework is done at home What are the key elements in classroom management? - CORRECT ANSWER procedures When you want students to understand what is expected from their independent work, how should a teacher go about explaining/showing this? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. perform the task together as a class 2. display student work What kind of praise can be considered ingenuine? - CORRECT ANSWER constant praise What should be the process for dealing with a student whose parents are obviously helping them with their homework? - CORRECT ANSWER discuss with the parent various strategies they can use to help their student benefit from the assignments What benefits do project-based assessments provide? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. show concepts the students have learned 2. allows students to articulate those concepts 3. assesses the lesson objectives Any time that a student must ________________ a concept, they learn more about it. - CORRECT ANSWER teach Describe the 3 Sigma Rule in normal data distributions. - CORRECT ANSWER 1. 67% of scores are within 1 deviation of the mean 2. 95% are within 2 deviations 3. 99.7 are within 3 deviations what is the best descriptor of central tendency of a data set? - CORRECT ANSWER the median it is not affected by extreme data points what is the most appropriate strategy for helping students master a concept? - CORRECT ANSWER modelling the strategy with concrete examples What is an outlier? - CORRECT ANSWER an extreme score at either end of a data set result in misleading statistical conclusions A teacher should monitor the progress of which students? - CORRECT ANSWER ALL students, not just those who are struggling Which type of questions elicit the widest range of possible answers? - CORRECT ANSWER why questions; they are the most open-ended the answers don't run out quickly, so the discussion tends to be interesting How much time do students need to think through an answer to a question? - CORRECT ANSWER they need various amounts of time allowing students to answer right away stops the thinking process for other students when a student is unsure of their answer to a question, what should the teacher do BEFORE asking them to explain how they figured out the answer? - CORRECT ANSWER confirm whether their answer is correct or not When posing higher order thinking questions, typically a question is asked and followed by what? - CORRECT ANSWER a brief pause to allow students to formulate an answer then the teacher chooses a volunteer to answer What cannot be maintained if the students know the teacher will provide all the answers to their own questions? - CORRECT ANSWER student interest How should a teacher respond if a student asks a question that was previously asked in the class period? - CORRECT ANSWER re-state the answer using different language and examples After teaching a new, difficult concept the teacher should call on whom to provide answers to follow-up questions? - CORRECT ANSWER volunteers the risk is high on these questions; students who volunteer are willing to take the risk When in the teaching process is it appropriate to call on random students for answers? - CORRECT ANSWER after students have been allowed time to practice new concepts What are parents most concerned with when it comes to their child's progress? - CORRECT ANSWER the students' weaknesses how to help their child succeed What should a teacher provide in order for students to assess their own work and make adjustments before turning it in? - CORRECT ANSWER grading criteria/a rubric what is the best way for a teacher to check on students' general progress toward mastery during independent work periods? - CORRECT ANSWER circulate around the room and check student work while they are working this is the least disruptive way to assess their progress in class work time allows the teacher to provide the students with what? - CORRECT ANSWER feedback when should class rules be changed? - CORRECT ANSWER only when necessary when a student does poorly in class, what should the teacher be focused on protecting them from? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. embarrassment 2. violations of their privacy do not share lack of success with other students What is a great nonverbal cue that shows the teacher has recognized something that needs attention but also gives the student opportunity to correct the behavior on the spot? - CORRECT ANSWER proximity All students should be accountable for learning what? - CORRECT ANSWER the objectives if students are struggling meeting the objectives, what should a teacher do? - CORRECT ANSWER provide additional help and work on weak areas together if you continue to comment on habitually disruptive student behavior, you are actually doing what? - CORRECT ANSWER reinforcing the bad behavior student parents and admin should be involved to help the student realize their actions are deterimental when you are needing to reinforce class rules, how should a teacher do this? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. show them how disruptive their behavior is (act it out if needed) 2. have a discussion about why the rule is important how should a teacher handle an instance where you suspect cheating is occurring? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. make a broad statement about your expectations for test-taking, homework, etc. 2. don't call out specific students what is an appropriate way to incentivize good behavior? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. award individual points toward a group goal if behavior problems involve individual students, who should benefit from rewards? - CORRECT ANSWER the rest of the class When a student is misbehaving, is asking them to explain WHY they are misbehaving an appropriate response to managing the situation? - CORRECT ANSWER no; the student has already ignored the teacher's expectations When a student is not paying attention to the lesson, but not disrupting other students, what is the correct course of action? - CORRECT ANSWER proximity; this indicates you have noticed the behavior how can a teacher tell when classroom rules are working? - CORRECT ANSWER when students recognize their violations and correct their behavior on their own what is the key to good classroom discipline in regards to attention and consequences? - CORRECT ANSWER immediate attention, not immediate consequences a teacher should avoid reprimands that.... - CORRECT ANSWER 1. ask questions of the student 2. are too vague 3. impy different standards of behavior for girls and boys What is a token economy? - CORRECT ANSWER type of behavior modification in which desired behavior is rewarded with tokens (stickers, tickets, privileges) What is negative reinforcement? - CORRECT ANSWER attaching an undesirable consequence to an undesirable behavior what is partial reinforcement? - CORRECT ANSWER only sometimes reinforcing a behavior What is operant conditioning? - CORRECT ANSWER a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher B.F. Skinner What is classical conditioning? - CORRECT ANSWER a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events Pavlov How should a teacher grade cooperative group assignments? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. assign each student a role/contribution and grade accordingly 2. do not grade the group as a whole as some may have put in more work than others 3. do not have students rate each other 4. provide a detailed written evaluation accompanied by a grade In order to know whether the learning objectives of the unit have been met, the objectives must be _________________________. - CORRECT ANSWER measured/measurable Students learn best when... - CORRECT ANSWER they are actively involved the teacher should not be more involved than the students the combination of speed and accuracy - CORRECT ANSWER fluency the process of building a general model from specific content - CORRECT ANSWER induction/inductive thinking the process of determining specifics from a general model - CORRECT ANSWER deduction/deductive thinking how much practice will help students to acquire a skill? - CORRECT ANSWER frequent initial practice the process of extending what has been learned; applying what has been learned to identical/similar cases or uses - CORRECT ANSWER generalization the process of figuring out a concrete solution to any problem (usually the most effective answer) ONE answer - CORRECT ANSWER convergent thinking the process of thinking that explores multiple possible solutions in order to generate creative ideas MULTIPLE answers - CORRECT ANSWER divergent thinking a teaching model that encourages students to see old ideas in new ways - CORRECT ANSWER synectics asking students a series of questions designed to guide them toward understanding of a concept - CORRECT ANSWER socratic approach _____________ learning always influences new learning. - CORRECT ANSWER prior what are the 4 stages of learning? - CORRECT ANSWER 1) acquisition- demonstrate to introduce new skills 2) fluency- provide opportunities to practice 3) generalization- provide opportunities to review 4) Adaptation- practice skills in a new setting When is an appropriate time to introduce the organizational structure of content? - CORRECT ANSWER only after students have been given specific information about the topic this helps students to make sense of the organizational structure organizational structure helps students to... - CORRECT ANSWER connect and remember what is a rule relationship? - CORRECT ANSWER principles, laws, correlations what are the four major steps to planning a lesson? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. determine the goals 2. write measurable objectives 3. task analysis is completed to guide the lesson plan 4. determine necessary prerequisite knowledge what is the best way to promote student comprehension? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. divide major objectives into small learning units 2. write objectives and assessments of each unit why do students benefit from rule relationships? - CORRECT ANSWER rule relationships organize and categorize individual units of knowledge the purpose of training students is to... - CORRECT ANSWER prepare students to apply what they have learned what are not ideal in gauging student mastery of a process? - CORRECT ANSWER a written test most people do not transfer what they have learned unless... - CORRECT ANSWER they are required or encouraged to do so telling students what they will be covering in class helps to focus what? - CORRECT ANSWER student attention how can a teacher create connections between prior concepts and new learning? - CORRECT ANSWER by starting with what they already know and showing how they connect effective, meaningful direct teaching is what kind of instruction? - CORRECT ANSWER explicit instruction this type of instruction does not provide specific guidance on what is to be learned from the task - CORRECT ANSWER implicit instruction what should a teacher do to focus on reading material? - CORRECT ANSWER establish a purpose for the reading to evaluate, to discover, to be entertained What should a teacher follow with after engaging the students in inquiry-based instruction? - CORRECT ANSWER follow with direct instruction to ensure that all students understand what has occurred during inquiry portion what type of learning involves students using materials themselves to discover a concept in a structured lesson - CORRECT ANSWER inquiry/discovery learning this type of teaching is categorized by a teaching presenting the concepts directly to the students - CORRECT ANSWER direct instruction/active teaching students retain information better when they.... - CORRECT ANSWER use it, especially in an analytical way procedures are best taught through... - CORRECT ANSWER demonstration what is the most effective way to focus student attention? - CORRECT ANSWER by utilizing a good visual aid when introducing a new concept, comparing and contrasting allows students to.... - CORRECT ANSWER generalize form a definition of the concept using examples and non-examples what is the most efficient way to impart information that the whole group needs? - CORRECT ANSWER through lecture mnemonic devices help students to remember what type of information - CORRECT ANSWER a specific set of ordered information "Killing Cats Almost Always Seems Evil" is a mnemonic device to help remember what? - CORRECT ANSWER Bloom's Taxonomy Knowledge Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation dividing something into its constituents - CORRECT ANSWER analysis what type of test is best used to compare large groups of students? - CORRECT ANSWER norm-referenced what is the fastest type of assessment a teacher can use to determine whether students know certain facts? - CORRECT ANSWER a multiple choice exam a reliable test must simply produce ___________ results. - CORRECT ANSWER consistent what is the standard error of measurement? - CORRECT ANSWER the difference between the actual score that a student achieves and the hypothetical score they COULD achieve directing students to make a judgment or form an opinion about something - CORRECT ANSWER evaluation data that is combined from several parts into one whole - CORRECT ANSWER aggregate data data that is separated into parts - CORRECT ANSWER disaggregate data WHen a student appears to be under a great deal of stress, what should be a teacher's first course of action? - CORRECT ANSWER refer the student to a professional help provider (like the school counselor) When a student has been absent for awhile, what is the most important accommodation to provide them? - CORRECT ANSWER time to complete past assignments What is an effective strategy to provide students who are anxious about test taking? - CORRECT ANSWER tell them to complete the easier problems first, then working on harder problems If a student struggles with spelling words, is this a cause for concern? - CORRECT ANSWER if the student is older, then yes. Poor spelling is often an indicator of learning disabilities. when dealing with difficult students, should a teacher's focus be on discipline or on creating educational strategies? - CORRECT ANSWER educational strategies; some educational problems seem to be at the root of misbehavior how should a teacher deal with a very intelligent student who is dominating a conversation? - CORRECT ANSWER 1. shift the focus of the discussion so that multiple response are welcomed and all answers are considered carefully 2. do not reprimand the student unless their behavior is inappropriate 3. do not isolate the student from the rest of the class with the purpose of "keeping them busy" When a student is not paying attention to the lesson, but not disrupting other students, what is the correct course of action? - CORRECT ANSWER