Pathophysiology:Questions and Answers (Answers Explained)

Questions and Answers PART IX · QUESTIONS 1. Which of the following is a major function of the kidneys? a. Converting vitamin D to the active form b. The proliferation of leukocytes c. Converting angiotensin I to an ...

Questions and Answers PART IX · QUESTIONS 1. Which of the following is a major function of the kidneys? a. Converting vitamin D to the active form b. The proliferation of leukocytes c. Converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II d. Producing antibodies View Answer 2. Which of the following laboratory results would give the nurse the best information concerning a patient’s renal function? a. Blood urea nitrogen b. Serum creatinine c. Urinalysis d. Red blood cell count View Answer 3. Which of the following statements about urinary tract infections (UTIs) is true? a. UTIs are more common in men than in women. b. UTIs frequently result from highly acidic urine. c. UTIs are prevented by voiding. d. UTIs occur in 70% of patients with an indwelling catheter. View Answer 4. A nurse explains hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) to the parents of a child with the disorder. Which of the following statements is true? a. Antibiotics are the treatment of choice for HUS. b. Seizure activity is a symptom of HUS. c. HUS is spread by dairy products. d. HUS is caused by S. alternans. View Answer 5. The pathology of the nephrotic syndrome includes which of the following? a. Thickening of the basement membrane and glomeruli collagen deposits b. Glomeruli damage by group B hemolytic streptococci c. IgA hyperactivity d. Glomerular proliferation View Answer 6. The treatment plan for a patient with glomerulonephritis includes which of the following? a. Blood transfusions to correct anemia b. A high protein diet to restore albumin levels c. Potassium restriction to correct electrolyte imbalance d. Systemic steroids to reduce inflammation View Answer 7. Stretch receptors in the bladder are initially stimulated when the bladder fills to a. 150 cc b. 400 cc c. 550 cc d. 600 cc View Answer 8. Which of the following causes urge incontinence? a. Damage to the spinal cord at the level of S2-4 b. Urinary retention c. An overactive detrusor muscle d. A weak urethral sphincter View Answer 9. Which of the following statements about struvite renal calculi is true? a. Struvite calculi are caused by an abundance of calcium in the blood. b. Struvite calculi may result from a UTI. c. Struvite calculi are more common when the urine is acidic. d. Struvite calculi are frequently composed of uric acid. View Answer 10. When explaining finasteride to a patient, the nurse stresses which of the following? a. It can reduce the size of the prostate gland by 50% to 75%. b. It is an estrogen supplement associated with reduction in prostate size. c. It causes the proliferation of stromal cells in the prostate. d. It blocks the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, thereby reducing prostate size. View Answer 11. Which of the following is true about acute renal failure (ARF)? a. ARF usually progresses to chronic renal failure. b. ARF initially produces profuse urine with a low specific gravity. c. ARF may take 1 year to resolve. d. ARF is commonly caused by radiological dyes. View Answer 12. Renal insufficiency develops when the glomerular filtration rates drop by which of the following percentages? a. 10% b. 30% c. 60% d. 90% View Answer 13. A patient with renal tubular acidosis exhibits a. An imbalance of bicarbonate levels b. Hyperglycemia c. Fluid retention d. Hypernatremia View Answer 14. Signs and symptoms of drug-related nephropathy include which of the following? a. Cardiac dysrhythmia b. Subnormal body temperature c. Bradycardia d. Rash View Answer 15. ANP has several functions including (select all that apply) a. Vasoconstriction of arteries b. Slowing the glomerular filtration rate c. Inhibition of aldosterone secretion d. Inhibition of Na+ reabsorption View Answer 16. Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II in the a. Kidneys b. Lungs c. Gastrointestinal tract d. Atria View Answer 17. The nurse teaching a class on renal function stresses that a high protein diet a. Results in a high urine output b. Decreases renal blood flow c. Causes polydipsia d. Decreases the glomerular filtration rate View Answer 18. The nurse conducting a community education program in an adult health clinic is asked how someone can develop a urinary tract infection. The nurse correctly responds (select all that apply) a. “Pregnant women may develop a UTI because their bladder does not empty completely as the baby grows.” b. “Ignoring the urge to void and ‘holding’ urine for a long time can cause a UTI.” c. “Drinking large amounts of an acidic juice like cranberry juice can cause a UTI.” d. “Using spermicides may cause a UTI.” View Answer 19. The new graduate asks the nurse why patients who are incontinent of urine do not have a Foley catheter inserted on a routine basis. The nurse explains that a Foley catheter (select all that apply) a. Introduces bacteria into the bladder during catheterization b. Prevents normal flushing of the urethra c. Allows bacteria to ascend into the bladder d. Causes minute cuts to the urethra upon insertion View Answer 20. The nurse explains to a patient with a Foley catheter who has developed a UTI that antibiotic therapy may be prolonged because a. Many different kinds of bacteria are present b. It is hard for the antibiotic to reach the bladder c. The bacteria protect themselves from antibiotics by developing a protective “coat” d. Antibiotic therapy is very safe and inexpensive, so it is customary to administer the antibiotic for several weeks View Answer 21. Which of the following patients is at risk for developing HUS? (Select all that apply.) a. Marie, a 26-year-old who delivered a baby 6 hours ago b. Scott, a 56-year-old with acute respiratory distress syndrome who is on prednisone 80 mg IV every 6 hours c. Timmy, a 4-year-old who lives on a dairy farm and routinely drinks unpasteurized milk d. Maureen, a 72-year-old who had a bone marrow transplant 24 hours ago View Answer 22. The nurse is caring for Mr. Tuzik, a patient with nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following laboratory values is consistent with Mt. Tuzik’s diagnosis? (Select all that apply.) a. Fat in the urine b. Serum albumin of 3.8 mg/dL c. Total cholesterol of 256 d. Protein in the urine View Answer 23. Mark, a 22-year-old, has just developed chickenpox. The nurse practitioner will monitor Mark for acute glomerulonephritis for a. 3 days b. 7 days c. 2 weeks d. 2 months View Answer 24. Ms. Paliwal, a 46-year-old newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, is told by the nurse to return to the clinic in 1 week for renal function tests. The nurse realizes that patients with type 2 diabetes a. Generally develop diabetic nephropathy 5-10 years after diagnosis b. Have a 30% or greater chance of developing diabetic neuropathy c. Develop a very thin glomerular capillary membrane d. Increase their glomerular filtration rate by 30% View Answer 25. The nurse is explaining incontinence to new graduates. Which of the following statements is correct? (Select all that apply.) a. “Transient urinary incontinence may be caused by fecal impaction.” b. “Nurses are at risk for developing overflow incontinence.” c. “Stress incontinence is caused by a weak detrusor muscle.” d. “Reflex incontinence occurs during high anxiety situations.” View Answer 26. The nurse is explaining renal calculi to a patient who has had several calculi over the past 5 years. Which of the following statements made by the nurse is correct? a. “Most kidney stones are formed from uric acid.” b. “All kidney stones show up on x-ray.” c. “Even small stones cause pain.” d. “A diet low in sodium and protein helps prevent more stone formation.” View Answer 27. The nurse conducting a community education program about benign prostatic hypertrophy was asked to explain the condition. The nurse should respond that BPH is a. Associated with multiple risk factors, including frequent UTIs b. Thought to occur because of declining testosterone levels c. Rare until the seventh decade of life d. Responsible for symptoms such as a weak urinary stream, and the size of the prostate gland directly correlates to the severity of the symptoms. View Answer 28. While discussing BPH at a urology clinic, the nurse is asked to explain some treatment options available. The nurse correctly responds that a. “Herbal products such as saw palmetto berry have been shown to safely reduce prostate gland size.” b. “Laser therapy produces an immediate reduction in prostate mass.” c. “Although effective, laser therapy does not allow for tissue sampling.” d. “Transurethral balloon dilation is one of the most frequently used methods to treat BPH.” View Answer 29. The nurse explaining the complications of chronic renal failure to a new graduate should state (select all that apply) a. “Uremic frost is an early indication of renal failure.” b. “Epogen® causes hypertension in one in five patients on this therapy.” c. “The amount of hypoglycemic medication is usually increased.” d. “Bleeding time is increased in a patient with CRF, although the platelet count may be near normal.” View Answer