• What are innate and adaptive immune systems, how they
work and how they interact.
Adaptive immunity is the ability of the body to defend itself against specific invading agents
▪ Antigens are substancesrecognized as
...
• What are innate and adaptive immune systems, how they
work and how they interact.
Adaptive immunity is the ability of the body to defend itself against specific invading agents
▪ Antigens are substancesrecognized asforeign that provoke
immune responses Adaptive immunity has both specificity and
memory and is divided into 2 types
1 Cell-mediated
2 An
tibody-
mediated In
cell-
mediated
immunity:
▪ An antigen is recognized and bound
▪ A small number of T cells proliferate and differentiate into a clone of effector cells
▪ The
antigen is
eliminated In
antibody-
mediated
immunity:
▪ An antigen is recognized and bound
▪ Helper T cells costimulate the B cell so the B cell can proliferate and
differentiate into a clone of effector cells that produce antibodies
▪ The antigen is eliminated
Innate immunity refers to a variety of body responses that serve to protect us against
invasion of a wide variety of pathogens and their toxins.
▪ We are born with this kind of immunity
▪ Two lines of defense: Nonspecific disease resistance fight a wide
variety of invaders. 1
st: Skin and mucous membranes: barriers,
antimicrobial substances
2
nd: Internal defenses(cellular defenses), inflammation, and fever
• Describe the anatomy and functions of the spleen.
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a. The spleen is the largest single mass of lymphatic
tissue in the body. It is found in the left hypochondriac
region between stomach and the diaphragm. It is
composed of white pulp and red pulp. Red pulp filters
blood and gets rid of old or damaged blood cells.
White pulp consists of immune cells and helps fight
infection. The spleen acts as a blood filter, if it detects
bad bacteria, viruses in the blood, it and the lymph
nodes create lymphocytes which act as defenders.
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