GRE Psychology- Personality and Abnormal Psychology

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GRE Psychology- Personality and Abnormal Psychology popular meanings of personality generally fall into one of two categories: - >>the social skills and the salient impression one leaves on others ... who defined physical and biological variables that he related to human behaviors and characterized people by body type, relating body type to personality type - >>William Sheldon Who used the terms endomorphy (soft and spherical) mesomorphs (hard muscular and rectangular) and ectomorphy (fragile and lightly muscled) to characterize body types - >>William Sheldon abnormal psychology was viewed as evidence of - >>demonic possession or witchcraft and that lost favor with the renaissance who ha suggested that the dev of psychology is due not primarily to the efforts of great people but to Zeitgeist or the changing spirit of the times - >>E. G. Boring who formed the system of psychology called structuralism - >>Edward Titchner's method of itnrospection who's theory of personality was the first comprehensive theory on personality and abnormal psychology - >>freud who pioneered the psychoanalytic system of thought in psych - >>freud what system developed in OPPOSITION to both psychoanalysis and behaviorism that posed the pessimism of the psychoaalytic perspective and the robotic concepts of behaviorissm? who believed in the notion of free will and the idea that people should be considered as wholes rather than in terms of stimuli and responses like behaviorism or instincts like the psychodynamic approach. two important figures in this system are Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers - >>Humanism what were early asylums like in the 1500s - >>really bad conditions cells were dark dungeons with no heat in the winter and they were chained and slept on staw and forced to sit in their filth Phillipe Pinel - >>was in charge of an asylum i n paris and he believed that the people with mental health should be treated with consideration and kindness and removed the shackles allowed them to go outside and gas them beds. these reforms spread to other asylums who was an important reformer in the US asylum systems who was an advocate for the treating the hospitalized mentally ill in a humane way who had an instrumental effect on improving the lives of the mentally ill in the US - >>Dorothea Dix who's classification system of mental disorders was the precursor to the Diagnostic and Statistical Menal of Mental Disorders (DSM) - >>Emil Kraeplin's textbook general paresis what is it and what did we learn from it - >>was a disorder with delusions of gradeur, mental deterioration, paralysis, and death- later was found that it was because of brain deterioration from syphilis. the idea that physiological factors could underlie mental disorders was an important advance in our understanding of abnormal psych What researchers introduced the use of the electroshock for the artificial production of convulsive seizures in psychiatric patients that believed epileptic like convulsions could cure schizophrenia (they were wrong.) the convulsions were so violent atet patients were in danger of fracturing vertebrae and other bones - >>Cerletti and Bini what was a typical treatment for schizophrenia from 1935 to 1955 that we now know to be non effectiev - >>Prefrontal Lobotomies what is a prefrontal lobotomy and what was it used to treat? - >>it was used to treat people with schizophrenia and it was a surgical treatment where the frontal lobes of the brain were severed from the brain tissue = it destroyed a lot of the frontal lobe which makes us distinctly human. it dint cure schizophrenia it just made the patient easier to handle since the patient usually became calm and showed an absence of feeling what made surgeons stop performing lobotomies and electroshock for schizophrenia - >>antipsychotic drugs in the 1950s the theories under the ____________ theory postulate the existence of unconscious internal states that motivate the overt actions of individuals and determine personlity - >>Psychodynamic or psychoanalytic theory Sigmund Freud's model of personality was the structural dynamic model and involved which 3 major systems - >>id, ego, and superego what is the id in the structural dynamic model of signmund freuds model of personality - >>reservoir for all psychic energy and consists of everything psychological that is present at birth. functions according to the pleasure principle who's aim is to relieve tension or energy buildup. PRIMARY PROCESS is the id 's response to frustration under obtain satisfaction now not later. if your hungry and theres no food the primary process would be to think of an image of food and that image of the food is called WISH FULFILLMENT what is the ego in the structural dynamic model of freuds model of personality - >>since the mental image of the food that the ID thought up isnt enough o cease the hunger the SECONDARY PROCESS of the ego comes along which operates according to the REALITY PRINCIPLE taking into account objectivity that limits the id's pleasure principle. ego is the organizer of the id- it is not independent of the id what is the superego in the structural dynamic model of freuds model of personality - >>similar to the id in that it is not directly in contact with reality and strives for the ideal vs the real. it is the moral branch of personlality striving for perfection. made up fo the CONSCIENCE and the EGO IDEAL. the conscience provides rules and norms about what is bad. ego ideal provides rules for good appropriate behavior until a system of right and wrong is created usually for parental punish and reward in a child's mind instinct - >>innate psychological representation or wish of a bodily or biological excitation or need. instincts are the propelling aspects of Freud's dynamic theory of personality... 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