Gero Final
Chapter 21
● Dietary changes for healthy urinary function/avoiding UTI’s
○ Good fluid intake
○ Vitamin C
○ Cranberries, prunes, plums, eggs, cheese, yogurt, fish, and grains
● BPH
○ Nonmalignant enlarge
...
Gero Final
Chapter 21
● Dietary changes for healthy urinary function/avoiding UTI’s
○ Good fluid intake
○ Vitamin C
○ Cranberries, prunes, plums, eggs, cheese, yogurt, fish, and grains
● BPH
○ Nonmalignant enlargement of the prostate gland that commonly occurs with age
○ Prostate tissue replaced with fibrotic tissue
○ Increased risk of malignancy with age
○ Thought to be associated with prostatic cancer
● Glomerulonephritis
○ condition in which there is inflammation of the glomeruli
■ which filter blood as it passes through the kidneys.
● Medication effects on bladder function/incontinence
○ Estrogen and anticholinergics for stress
○ Anticholinergics and adrenergic antagonist for urgency
○ Parasympathomimetics for overflow.
● Nocturia in older adults
○ Voiding at least once during the night
● Urinary incontinence & management/prevention
○ Involuntary loss of urine.
○ Stress incontinence:
■ caused by weak supporting pelvic muscles
■ When intra-abdominal pressure is placed on the pelvic floor (e.g., from
laughing, sneezing, or coughing), urine is involuntarily lost.
■ Obesity contributes to this problem.
■ Kegel, biofeedback, medications, sometimes surgery
○ Urgency incontinence:
■ caused by UTI, enlargement of the prostate, diverticulitis, or pelvic or
bladder tumors. Irritation or spasms of the bladder wall cause a sudden
elimination of urine. Toileting schedule, kegel, biofeedback, medications.
○ Overflow incontinence:
■ associated with bladder neck obstructions and medications (e.g.,
adrenergics, anticholinergics, and calcium channel blockers).
■ Bladder muscles fail to contract or periurethral muscles do not relax,
leading to an excessive accumulation of urine in the bladder.
■ Schedule, crede method, intermittent catherization, medications.
○ Neurogenic (reflex) incontinence:
■ arising from cerebral cortex lesions, multiple sclerosis, and other
disturbances along the neural pathway.
■ There is an inability to sense the urge to void or control urine flow.
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