PC 707 Module 1 Exam - Questions and Answers Does a generic substitution contain the same amount of active drug as the brand name drug? -Yes -They are "essentially similar" -They have bioequivalence -The generic drug h
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PC 707 Module 1 Exam - Questions and Answers Does a generic substitution contain the same amount of active drug as the brand name drug? -Yes -They are "essentially similar" -They have bioequivalence -The generic drug has to be within 80-125% of the same pharmacokinetics as the brand drug Do generic drugs and brand name drugs have the same bioavailability? No, just because they are bioequivalent (they have the same amount of the active drug) does not mean they have the same bioavailability (the rate and extent that the active drug is absorbed and becomes available at the target site) When would a brand name be medically necessary? -certain chronic diseases -drugs with a narrow therapeutic index and consistency in the medication is important What is pharmacogenomics? -the study of how genes affect a person's response to drugs -"personalization" of drug therapy What is a very important aspect of genetic variations to consider when prescribing? -variations of genes that code for metabolism -is the person a poor, intermediate, extensive, or ultra-rapid metabolizer? What happens if a person who is a ultra-rapid metabolizer takes a "pro-drug"? Since the pro-drug needs to be metabolized to become active, the ultra-rapid metabolizer will quickly activate the medication and the person will experience a quicker than normal drug response What happens if a person who is a poor metabolizer takes a "pro-drug"? Since the pro-drug needs to be metabolized to become active, the poor metabolizer will most likely not be able to activate the medication and the person will not experience a drug response What is ethnopharmacology? -understanding the specific impact of cultural factors on patient drug response -does not 100% predict a specific outcome based on racial or cultural factors--but can predict a potential risk for a particular response Patient teaching for women of child-bearing age is important to: -keep good communication so the patient tells you as soon as they are pregnant or plan to become pregnant Things to remember when prescribing to pregnant and lactating women: -start low and increase dose only if necessary -avoid medications whenever possible -use drugs with the safest profile and have been studied the longest -use one drug rather than many -make sure dating of the pregnancy is accurate -try to avoid medications during the first trimester -try to pick topical over systemic -shared decision making is very important! What is the "all or none" period? -in the preimplantation period--a teratogen will either cause a miscarriage or will survive How does a teratogen affect the embryogenesis or "organogenesis" period? -most critical period of high sensitivity and susceptibility of potential complications from exposure -the first trimester -will cause gross malformations -usually already established once they find out they are pregnant How does a teratogen affect the fetal period? -starts after the first trimester (week 11) -exposure during this period usually just alters growth and function of tissues and organs -ex: growth restrictions, alteration in size and functional ability of organs, developmental & behavioral abnormalities Lack of proof of teratogenicity does not equal safety AND proof of teratogenicity does not mean every exposure causes a defect. True or false? True In order to safely prescribe to pregnant women, what should the provider assume? -assume that ANY drug could reach the fetus and cause potential problems What is the most effective defense against illness and disease for infants? -breastmilk -weaning or stopping is almost never necessary For breastfeeding women, what types of medications should be prescribed in order to reduce infant exposure and potential side effects? -oral medications -low bioavailability
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