1. Acid Base Balance
a. 7.35-7.45
b. Allows the right amount of O2 to enter in to move to cells to keep homeostasis
c. Review examples of each
i. Nervous – hyperventilating – respiratory alkalosis(releasing CO2)
d.
...
1. Acid Base Balance
a. 7.35-7.45
b. Allows the right amount of O2 to enter in to move to cells to keep homeostasis
c. Review examples of each
i. Nervous – hyperventilating – respiratory alkalosis(releasing CO2)
d. What organs are involved and what role do they place
2. Normal Lab values
a. Sodium(135-145), potassium(3.5-5), chloride, calcium(9-10), magnesium(1.7-2.2),
glucose(75-110), create
i. Will NOT try to be checked
b. Look at back of text book for lab values
i. Ex ? Is 2.5 crt normal?
3. Components of the Cell
a. Idea, structure, familiarize with PICTURE!!!! Major organelles and roles (mitochondria,
etc) nothing to in depth
4. Immune System – huge chapter
a. What are the different cells of the immune system
i. Basophils, neutrophils, dendritic cells, b cells, t cells(use cytokines),
lymphocytes,
b. What are their functions – how do they work together
i. Role of macrophage – present antigens to t cells
ii. Big role of dendritic cells – antigen presentation, let me grab a protein and turn
you into a coworker? Bridge the gate for inn? Immunity
iii. Natural killer cells
c. What cells are capable of phagocytosis
5. Innate vs. Adaptive Immunity
a. Difference between the two
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b. Innate – non specific defense, first couple or hours when antigen is presented, skin,
chemicals in blood
c. Adaptive – antigen specific immune response, more complex, army of immune cells to
specifically attack antigen, long term protection bc of memory cells and work together
with inflammation to react to that specific molecule
6. Active vs. Passive Immunity
a. Active – vaccines,
b. Passive – protected by outside source – immunoglobulin (short lived protection), breast
feeding and igg – look in book for examples – look for chart in textbook
c. Know the examples of what fallsinto each category
7. Hypersensitivity Reactions
a. TypesI-IV
b. Common examples of each reaction to identify in a scenario
i. 1 = iga bee stings and immediate, anaphylaxisto foods, env sources
ii. 2 = igm/igg – long term damage to the cells or tissues, blood transfusions, drug
allergies =, hemolysis, cytooxic reaction
iii. 3 = antigen antibody immune complex – in skin, blood vessels that lead to
reactions that lead to tissue damage, autoimmune, SLE, RA, hoshimotos
iv. 4 = delayed reaction = exposure first then memory t cells, hypersensitivities,
contact dermatitis, graft rejections, poison ivy
8. Immune System
a. Be familiar with complement system
b. What activates the classical pathway (c1-c9 proteins) goal is to destroy pathogen and
lysis of the cell, only comes to play when activated
i. What triggers classical pathway – needs to have that anigen antibody immune
complex
ii. What triggers the other pathyway
9. Immune System
a. Iga – secretions, mucus membranes, breatmilk
b. Ige – allergic response
c. Igm – produced during primary response in middle of dz
d. Igg – long term after igm, most abundant, late antibody and demonstrates that you have
the antibody (g for gone)
10. Immune system
a. Common types of immune deiciences
i. Book has chart
b. Which is most severe
c. What are the clinical manifessations
i. Skid, hiv/aids, inherited immunodeficiency disorders, know the most common
and severe ones
11. Inflammation
a. Acute vs. chronic
b. 2
nd line of defense
c. Know the diff between the two
d. Acute hallmark signs – redness, swelling, pain, heat
e. Chronic sign
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