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NCLEX practice exam questions and answers.

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1. When instructing clients on how to decrease the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the nurse should emphasize which instruction? Rationale: a) Participate regularly in aerobic... exercises. b) Maintain a high-protein diet. c) Avoid exposure to people with known respiratory infections. d) Abstain from cigarette smoking. Cigarette smoking is the primary cause of COPD. Other risk factors include exposure to environmental pollutants and chronic asthma. Participating in an aerobic exercise program, although beneficial, will not decrease the risk of COPD. Insufficient protein intake and exposure to people with respiratory infections do not increase the risk of COPD. 2. The nurse receives a change-of-shift report on the following four clients. Which client should the nurse assess first? Rationale: a) client with asthma who has an albuterol nebulizer treatment due in 10 minutes b) immobile client with a sudden onset of shortness of breath c) client with atrial fibrillation who has a dose of diltiazem due in 15 minutes d) client with influenza who has a temperature of 101.5°F (38.6°C) Immobility places a client at high risk for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Sudden onset of shortness of breath in an immobile client suggests the presence of a possible pulmonary embolism and requires immediate assessment and action, such as oxygen administration. The remaining clients are stable with expected symptoms, medications, and/or tests associated with their disease processes. 3. A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has developed tachypnea, dyspnea, and oxygen saturation (SaO2) of 90%. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate? Rationale: a) Place the client on bed rest. b) Position the client in a low Fowler’s position with the knees flexed. c) Assist the client to sit in a chair and lean slightly forward with hands on the knees. d) Place the client in the Trendelenburg position. [Show More]

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