PUBH 302 Exam 3 Study Guide / DOWNLOAD

PUBH 302 Exam 3 Study Guide / DOWNLOAD Explain exposure concepts o Different toxic response arise from different routes of exposure, frequencies of exposure, duration of exposure o Body metabolizes toxin differently ...

PUBH 302 Exam 3 Study Guide / DOWNLOAD Explain exposure concepts o Different toxic response arise from different routes of exposure, frequencies of exposure, duration of exposure o Body metabolizes toxin differently from individual to individual § Life stage § Gender § Form and ability to be absorbed § Metabolism § Distribution within the body § Excretion § Health of individual § Nutritional status § Presence of other chemicals § Circadian rhythms · Provide historical examples of occupational risk o Radium Girls radium dial painters licked brushes to pull to a point o 1950s shoe salesman used fluoroscope to size shoes causing radiation of feet and repeated exposure to salesman o Miners disease from inhaling metal vapors (Paracelsus, 1533) o Scrotal cancer from soot in chimney sweeps (Pott, 1775) · What efforts have been taken to reduce risk o Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) § Informs and allows reporting of hazards o National Toxicology Program § Focus on endocrine disruptors, occupational mixtures and exposures, phytotoxicology , safe drinking water o National Environmental Policy Act § Create and maintain conditions under which humans and nature can exist in productive harmony · Identify important environmental figures in history o 1713 – Ramazzini and Italian doctor published De Morbis Artificum § Linked hazards of dust, fumes, and gases to lung disease in workers o 1854-1915 – Paul Ehrlich § Developed staining procedures to see how toxicants affected living organisms o 1907-1964 – Rachel Carson § Founder of our contemporary environmental movement § Questioned pesticide practices took on the industry Special Topics in Environmental Health · Approaching PH problems from a systems perspective o PH problems are complex and complicated § Have factors inextricably linked, multiple interacting parts, multiple actors (stakeholders) o We live in systems and have to understand relationships among all parts, necessary for change and addressing the problem o Are concerned with the whole - Try to identify patterns amid the chaos · Global health challenges o Elevating health in climate debate o Delivering health in conflict and crisis o Making healthcare fairer o Expanding access to medicines o Stopping infectious diseases o Preparing for epidemics o Protecting people from dangerous products o Investing in people who defend our health o Keeping adolescents safe o Earning public trust · Tuberculosis o Infectious communicable disease caused by bacteria o direct route of transmission through participle sin the air after a cough and sneeze (has to be ingested) o not just respiratory – can affect whole body from blood stream o MDR and XTR resistant strains § Multi drug resistant § Extensively drug resistant o Mostly disease of the poor and prevalent in underdeveloped/developing countries o Can effect anyone even with BCG vaccine o HIV and AIDS patients and those with compromised immune system are at increased risk for complications o Personal health is essential to prevent spread · Malaria o Mosquito transmitted o Flul-ike symptoms high fever, chills, enlarged spleen, muscle pain o Primary population § US: black men aged 25-44 from 1st or 2nd gen African immigrants § Poor subtropical areas § Africa : young children, pregnant women, travelers, those with HIV, malnourished, elders · Birth control access in developing nations o Lack of access in poor and rich countries o In developing countries 1 in 4 women want to avoid becoming pregnant and have unmet need for contraception § Accounts for 82% of unintended pregnancies o 308,000 women die each year from pregnancy related causes o Adolescent women in poor countries at risk (10-19) § Physically immature, less likely to receive prenatal care o Elderly women in poor countries at risk (40+) § Suffer form anemia, malnutrition, reproductive system damage o In developing countries 7.5 million babies die before their first birthday o The age at which women become pregnant can reduce risk of infant mortality o Access barriers § Cant afford, lack of info on where to obtain, inability to obtain o Stigma, Knowledge, Perceptions § Religious opposition § Opposition by partner/family § Lack of knowledge § Dear of side effects · Define health promotion - The combination of educational and environmental supports for actions and living conductive to health - Involves a planned approach/program. Intervention