polymers: Thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers, properties of polymers like epoxies,
2
1.1 WHATARE “COMPOSITES?
• Composite: Two or more chemically different constituents combined macroscopically to yield a
usefu
...
polymers: Thermosetting and thermoplastic polymers, properties of polymers like epoxies,
2
1.1 WHATARE “COMPOSITES?
• Composite: Two or more chemically different constituents combined macroscopically to yield a
useful material.
• Examples of naturally occurring composites permeated with holes filled with liquids
➢ Wood: Cellulose fibers bound by lignin matrix
➢ Bone: Stiff mineral “fibers” in a soft organic matrix permeated with holes filled with liquids
➢ Granite: Granular composite of quartz, feldspar,and mica.
• A composite material is made by combining two or more materials– often ones that have very
different properties.
• The two materials work together to give the composite unique properties.
• However, within the composite you can easily tell the different materials apart as they do not
dissolve or blend into each other.
➢ Composite materials are materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly
different properties, that when combined, produce a material with characteristics different from
the individual components.
➢ Composite materials consist of two or more chemically distinct constituent on a macro scale
having a dispersed interface separating them and having bulk performance which is considerably
different from those of any of its individual constituents.
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Examples:- Cement, Concrete, Fiber-reinforced polymer, etc.
• Some examples of man‐made composites
– Concrete: Particulate composite of aggregates (limestone or granite), sand, cement and
water
– Plywood: Several layers of wood veneer glued together
– Fiberglass: Plastic matrix reinforced by glassfibers
– Cemets: Ceramic and metal composites
– Fibrous composites: Variety of fibers (glass, kevlar, graphite, nylon, etc.) bound together by a
polymeric matrix
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