RNFA Final Exam Practice - Questions and Answers, Complete Solutions

RNFA Final Exam Practice - Questions and Answers, Complete Solutions The adrenal glands can be identified not only by their location in the body but also their shape. The right side is ________while the left is _______ ...

RNFA Final Exam Practice - Questions and Answers, Complete Solutions The adrenal glands can be identified not only by their location in the body but also their shape. The right side is ________while the left is ____________. Triangular, crescent An example of a potential risk associated with pneumoperitoneum would be: gas embolus into an exposed blood vessel during the procedure. Cleft lip is usually associated with a notch or cleft of the underlying alveolus and a cleft of the palate. Cleft lip repair is most often performed when the infant is about 3 months of age. Cleft lip is described as: a deficiency of tissue (skin, muscle, and mucosa) along one or both sides of the upper lip What technologic characteristic of robotic surgery provides a superior indication for robotic-assisted laparoscopic cholecystectomy? The magnified three-dimensional picture may reduce bile duct injuries during dissection Which type of fracture is a dorsally angulated fracture of the distal end of the radius? Colles Osteoporosis is one of the most common and serious of bone diseases and is responsible for more than 2 million fractures a year. Osteoporosis-related fractures most commonly occur in the hip, spine, and wrist, but any bone can be affected. The excessive reduction of total bone mass in osteoporosis is due to the loss of: estrogen and testosterone. The PSA test is a serum lab test for prostate-specific antigen. If the test value is elevated, the patient is at risk for carcinoma of the prostate; a PSA value greater than 10 ng/ml is highly suggestive of prostatic carcinoma. Tissue from a transrectal prostate biopsy provides the cellular information to confirm the diagnosis. The American Urological Association (AUA) prostate cancer staging tool essentially provides what important information about the tissue specimen? Prognosis and potential for recovery A vena cava filter (Greenfield filter) maintains a patent vena cava but prevents pulmonary emboli (PE) by trapping the emboli at the apex of the device. This procedure may be performed in the OR, radiology suite, or ICU for critical patients. Select the statement that best describes the appropriate preferred insertion approaches. Right jugular and right femoral If the injury to the patient is a result of a violent crime, the team must give special attention to preservation of evidence during the course of patient care. When clothing is removed from the patient, why must it be placed and secured in a paper bag rather than a plastic bag? Plastic bags may trap moisture and allow mold growth, destroying evidence. The thoracic cavity is an airtight compartment. The lateral walls are formed by 12 pairs of ribs. Each hemithorax contains 11 external intercostal muscles and 11 internal intercostal muscles. What accompanies each intercostal muscle? an artery, vein, and nerve When catheterizing the female patient, the perioperative nurse must locate the urethra. The correct order of the external organs of the vulva listed anterior to posterior is: mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, urethra, vaginal opening. During the preoperative assessment and teaching for a patient scheduled for otolaryngologic surgery performed using local anesthetic, the perioperative nurse reviews with the patient normal coping mechanisms that are personally effective and supports and encourages the patient during the surgical intervention. The nurse is preparing the patient to anticipate and self-control physiologic indicators of: claustrophobia. Which of the following is incorrect pertaining to lung segments? There are 5 segments on the right and 3 segments on the left Among the treatment options for tricuspid valve disease are suture annuloplasty, ring annuloplasty, and valve replacement with either a biologic or a mechanical prosthesis. Because there are no specific tricuspid prosthetic valves available, what type of prosthetic graft would be created or implanted? A mitral prosthesis The surfaces of the hemispheres form convolutions called gyri and intervening furrows called sulci, which serve as anatomic landmarks. Which of the following sulci is of particular anatomic importance during surgery? Lateral sulcus What properties enable arteries to compensate for changes in blood pressure and blood volume? Elasticity and distensibility During a surgical procedure to excise a malignant thyroid gland, the surgeon asks you why she is not removing the posterior part of the patient's thyroid gland. Your correct response is: so that the patient does not develop hypocalcemia Denise Corson, a 35-year-old mother of twins, was scheduled for a left breast lumpectomy. This is her third lumpectomy in 6 years for benign fibrocystic disease. Denise shared her concerns with the perioperative nurse about her breast's appearance after three similar surgeries in the same breast. The nurse noticed, on assessment, how much smaller the left breast was in comparison with the right. An appropriate action for the nurse to take in response to Denise's concern would be: encourage her to discuss her feelings regarding body image and resulting changes. The first diagnostic test performed in thyroid assessment is: Ultrasound Postoperative infection in total hip arthroplasty is _____. Usually catastrophic Risk-benefit analysis is weighed differently for elders. Important factors that need to be evaluated are: Personal motivation Hyperkalemia can result from massive blood transfusion as well as the administration of medications introperatively. Which of the following medications can induce hyperkalemia? Heparin Another name for the Cardinal ligament is? Mackenrodt's Ligament Hypothyroidism results from undersecretion of thyroid hormone. The most common cause of primary hypothyroidism is chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's disease). Select the set of symptoms that is most commonly associated with hypothyroidism. Dry skin, edema, constipation, and depression Surgically created arteriovenous fistulas are also referred to as a(n) _________ and are indicated for enabling __________. arteriovenous shunt; hemodialysis A long bone fracture in a child can have devastating consequences in terms of the child's skeletal maturity and potential for limb shortening and malformation when the fracture line involves the: epiphyseal plate. The science of plastic and reconstructive surgery, which means to mold or create form and shape, improves appearance and body image through an understanding of: the anatomy and biology of tissue Age-related changes cause decreased blood flow to the kidneys with a resultant decrease in nephron function. What condition is created from the cumulative effect of the multiple drugs that the elderly patient will receive during the perioperative phase? Increased chance for adverse reactions and consequential results The mesh-plug open hernia repair technique is indicated for which type(s) of hernias? Recurrent Indirect inguinal hernias Which of the following is an indication for damage control surgery? Coagulopathy The Shouldice repair is utilized in _____________surgery and has a ___________recurrence rate. hernia, low Identify the venous structure that prevents blood backflow. Semilunar intimal folds Microsurgical techniques have been applied to cranial, spinal, and peripheral nerve operations. Some procedures in which microsurgery is of value are explorations of the posterior fossa, especially for tumors of the fourth ventricle or cerebellopontine angle, and removal of small acoustic neuromas, with resulting preservation of the facial nerve. Each time the surgeon must look away and then back to the surgical field, open wound time and anesthesia time are increased while the surgeon becomes reoriented to the field. A nursing action, in the scrub person role, directed toward assisting the surgeon in efficiency and expediting the microsurgical procedure would be: hand instruments proficiently, in direction of use, without delay. Blunt force to the larynx can result in a fracture and impose immediate airway obstruction. These patients are at risk for a lost airway and may require immediate tracheotomy followed by repair of the fracture when the fracture is unstable or displaced. It is also important to consider that a trauma patient is assumed to have a full stomach; thus these patients are at high risk for aspiration and resultant pneumonia. What is an appropriate nursing action in the event of a lost airway after anesthesia induction and before intubation? Assist the anesthesia provider with securing the airway while applying cricoid pressure. Which one of the following signs is not consistent with Horner syndrome? sinking of the eye (enophthalmos) Select the diagnosis/procedure option that pairs the correct surgical diagnosis with the surgical/endoscopic procedure for diseases of the esophagus: Barrett's dysplasia of the distal esophagus/endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) To accommodate near and distant focus, the lens changes shape and focus by relaxation and tightening of the zonular fibers. What physiologic change of the normal aging process is typically corrected with bifocals? Presbyopia Which of the following is the most common non-emergent abdominal surgery in the U.S.? Cholecystectomy Which of the following documentation requirements is unique to vascular surgery? clamp application and removed times The surgical team gently abducted Matilda's arms into position on padded armboards at less than 90 degrees with palms facing up. Extra padding was placed under her elbows and an armboard strap was secured over her forearm. The armboards were locked into place to prevent inadvertent abduction. This important maneuver is designed as a risk reduction strategy to prevent: brachial plexus injury. How is the ilioinguinal nerve protected during inguinal herniorrhaphy? Retract it back along with the external oblique aponeurosis Which hemostatic agent should be available for all cranial and spinal cord operations? Bone wax Age-related skin changes include a thinning epidermis and decreased subcutaneous fat and elasticity. What special consideration will the perioperative nurse provide, in terms of additional attention and care, in one of the following nursing actions? Gently lift, not slide, the patient to and from the OR bed The Whipple procedure is the removal of the head of the pancreas, the entire duodenum, a portion of the jejunum, the distal third of the stomach, and the ____________ as a surgical treatment for____________. lower half of the common bile duct; pancreatic cancer Identify the triad of anatomic sites of abdominal wall weakness with a potential for hernias. Inguinal canal, femoral rings, umbilicus A complication of thyroidectomy that included an extended thyroid dissection is which of the following? Pneumothorax Sally Andres and her orientee have returned from an airway fire simulation exercise with the otorhinolaryngologic surgeon, fellow, and anesthesia provider. They were amazed at the statistics for OR fires and the threat of serious injury to the patient and team. Patients undergoing otorhinolaryngologic procedures are at greater risk for fire injury because of the proximity of the surgical field to high concentrations of oxygen. The team discussed a plan to change their practices. An example of a risk reduction strategy that involves collaboration of the entire surgical team during otorhinolaryngologic surgery would be: conducting regularly scheduled team simulations that rehearse an airway fire protocol.