1. In the synthesis of collagen, the hydroxylation of proline and lysine
occurs in which of the following?*
(A) Golgi apparatus
(B) Secretory vesicles
(C) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
(D) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
...
1. In the synthesis of collagen, the hydroxylation of proline and lysine
occurs in which of the following?*
(A) Golgi apparatus
(B) Secretory vesicles
(C) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
(D) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
2. A 12-year-old boy with muscular dystrophy is found to have a mutation
of the gene that encodes the protein dystrophin. Genetic alterations in
dystrophin lead to progressive muscular weakness because dystrophin
provides structural support to the sarcolemma by binding which of the
following?*
(A) β-Dystroglycan to laminin
(B) Actin to β-dystroglycan
(C) Actin to the Z lines
(D) Z lines to M lines
3. Patients with Cushing syndrome often show osteoporotic changes.
Which one of the following is involved in the etiology of osteoporosis induced
by Cushing syndrome?*
(A) Decreased glucocorticoid levels that result in decreased quality of the bone deposited
(B) Excess deposition of osteoid
(C) Bone fragility resulting from excess bone resorption
(D) Decreased PTH levels
4. A 59-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital because of agitation
and aggression. Three years prior to admission her irregular, flinging
movements had become so severe that she could not walk or assist in her
own care. She is diagnosed with Huntington’s chorea, which is a hereditary
disease affecting neurons within which of the following?*
(A) Anterior cerebellum
(B) Subthalamus
(C) Substantial nigra
(D) Striatum
5. A 2-day-old infant starts having brief tonic-clonic seizures throughout
the day. His neurological function in between seizures is normal, and he has
no other medical or neurological problems. The history reveals no readily
apparent causes for the seizures though the mother recalled that her first
baby also developed seizures shortly after birth that only lasted for 2 weeks,
with no subsequent episodes or developmental problems. Genetic analysis
revealed a mutation of voltage-gated K + channels consistent with a
diagnosis of benign familial neonatal seizures. Which of the following would
cause an immediate reduction in the amount of potassium leaking out of a
cell?*
(A) Increasing the permeability of the membrane to potassium
(B) Hyperpolarizing the membrane potential
(C) Decreasing the extracellular potassium concentration
(D) Reducing the activity of the sodium-potassium pump
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