nervous system - ✔✔must gather, store, and decipher both external and internal information
neurons - ✔✔motor
sensory
inter
motor neurons - ✔✔neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to t
...
nervous system - ✔✔must gather, store, and decipher both external and internal information
neurons - ✔✔motor
sensory
inter
motor neurons - ✔✔neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the
muscles and glands
efferent nerves - ✔✔"carrying away"
motor neurons
sensory neurons - ✔✔neurons that carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to the brain
and spinal cord.
Lack true dendrites
afferent neurons - ✔✔"carry toward"
sensory neurons
Interneurons - ✔✔neurons within the brain and spinal cord that communicate internally and intervene
between the sensory inputs and motor outputs
nerve fiber - ✔✔axon of a neuron.
a single elongated process.Schwann cells - ✔✔Supporting cells of the peripheral nervous system responsible for the process of
regenerating
tracts - ✔✔bundles of nerve fibers in the CNS
nerve system development - ✔✔begins at 6 weeks
nerve system decline - ✔✔verbal skills decline after 70.
nerve cell count decreases.
brain weight declines 10% between ages 20 or 30 - 90.
Synapse - ✔✔A junction where information is transmitted from one neuron to the next.
Central Nervous System (CNS) - ✔✔consists of the brain and spinal cord. (gray and white matter).
receives impulses from the entire body, processes the information, and responds with appropriate
actions.
brain - ✔✔the largest mass of nervous tissue in the body at about 3 lbs. (Males slightly larger)
Meninges - ✔✔three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord
Cerebrum - ✔✔Largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscular activity, vision, speech,
taste, hearing, thought, and memory.
composed of both gray and white matter.
cerebral hemispheres - ✔✔the two sections of the cortex on the left and right sides of the brain
Lobes of the brain - ✔✔frontal, parietal, occipital, temporalDiencephalon - ✔✔thalamus and hypothalamus
brainstem - ✔✔the oldest part and central core of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells as it
enters the skull; the brainstem is responsible for automatic survival functions
Cerebellum - ✔✔A large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills.
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) - ✔✔plasma-like clear fluid circulating in and around the brain and spinal cord.
"blood" of the nervous system
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - ✔✔the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous
system (CNS) to the rest of the body.
Somatic Nervous System (SNS) - ✔✔The division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the
skeletal muscles and transmits sensory information.
autonomic nervous system (ANS) - ✔✔the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the
glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its
parasympathetic division calms.
sympathetic nervous system - ✔✔fight or flight
parasympathetic nervous system - ✔✔rest and relax
Alzheimer's disease - ✔✔a progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual
deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and, finally, physical functioning
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) - ✔✔degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and
brainstemencephalitis - ✔✔inflammation of the brain
migraine headache - ✔✔characterized by throbbing pain on one side of the head
tension headache - ✔✔occurs from long, endured contraction of the skeletal muscles around the face,
scalp, upper back, and neck
cluster headache - ✔✔pain is in and around one eye
posttraumatic headache - ✔✔Headache occurs secondary to head injury or concussion.
approximately 1/2 of all head or neck injuries lead to this type.
Huntington's disease - ✔✔Huntington's Chorea.
progressive degenerative disorder that results in uncontrolled bodily movement
Meningitis - ✔✔inflammation of the meninges caused by viral or bacterial infection.
Parkinson's disease - ✔✔A disorder of the central nervous system that affects movement, often
including tremors.
spinal cord injuries - ✔✔severe damage to the spinal cord that impairs the function of the spinal cord
quadriplegia - ✔✔paralysis of all four extremities
paraplegia - ✔✔paralysis from the waist down
hemiplegia - ✔✔paralysis on one side
stroke - ✔✔Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) - ✔✔Minor stroke; where neurological function is regained quickly with
time.
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