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anatomical position - ✔✔Standard positioning of the body as standing; feet together; arms to the side; with head, eyes, and palms of hands forward. cells - ✔✔The basic structural unit of ... an organism from which living things are created. cellular functions - ✔✔Processes that include growth, metabolism, replication, protein synthesis, and movement. directional terminology - ✔✔Words used to explain relationships of locations of anatomical elements (distal, posterior, medial, etc.). organ systems - ✔✔Functional groupsof organs that work together within the body: circulatory, integumentary, skeletal, reproductive, digestive, urinary, respiratory, endocrine, lymphatic, muscular, nervous. organelle - ✔✔A specialized part of a cell that has a specific function organ - ✔✔A self-contained part of an organism that performs a specific function. reference planes - ✔✔Planes dividing the body to describe locations: sagittal, coronal, and transverse. tissue - ✔✔A group of cells with similar structure that function together as a unit, but at a lower level than organs. alveoli - ✔✔Tiny air sacs in the lungs where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes placeasthma - ✔✔A lung disease characterized by inflamed, narrowed airways and difficulty breathing. bronchi - ✔✔The main passageways directly attached to the lungs. bronchioles - ✔✔Small passages in the lungs that connect bronchi to alveoli. tidal volume - ✔✔The amount of air breathed in a normal inhalation or exhalation cystic fibrosis - ✔✔A genetic disorder that affects the lungs and other organs, characterized by difficulty breathing, coughing up sputum, and lung infections. adaptive - ✔✔Able to change as needed. perfusion - ✔✔The passage of fluid to an organ or a tissue.pleura - ✔✔A membrane around the lungs and inside the chest cavity. surfactant - ✔✔A fluid secreted by alveoli and found in the lungs. trachea - ✔✔The windpipe, which connects the larynx to the lungs. ventilation - ✔✔The movement of air in and out of the body via inhalation and exhalation. cervix - ✔✔The passage that forms the lower part of the uterus. estrogen - ✔✔Female sex hormones fallopian tubes - ✔✔Tubes that carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus ovary - ✔✔Organ in which eggs areproduced for reproduction penis - ✔✔Organ for elimination of urine and sperm from the male body. prostate - ✔✔The gland in males that controls the release of urine and secretes a part of semen that enhances motility and fertility of sperm. scrotum - ✔✔The pouch of skin that contains the testicles testicles - ✔✔The organs that produce sperm; also called testes. testosterone - ✔✔The hormone that stimulates male secondary sexual characteristics. urethra - ✔✔The tube that connects the bladder to the exterior of the female body.uterus - ✔✔The womb vagina - ✔✔The tube that connects the external genitals to the cervix. vas deferens - ✔✔The duct in which sperm moves from a testicle to the urethra antibody - ✔✔A blood protein that counteracts a specific antigen antigen - ✔✔A toxin that stimulates an immune response in the body antigen presenting cell - ✔✔A cell that displays foreign antigens with major histocompatibility complexes on their surfaces antimicrobial - ✔✔A substance that kills or inhibits growth of micro-organisms with minimal damage to the hostB-cell - ✔✔Cells that mature in bone marrow and make antibodies in response to antigens bone - ✔✔Hard, calcified material that makes up the skeleton. brittle bone disease - ✔✔A group of diseases that affect collagen and result in fragile bones. canaliculi - ✔✔Microscoping canals in ossified bone. cartilage - ✔✔Tough, elastic connective tissue found in parts of the body such as the ear. collagen - ✔✔The primary structural protein of connective tissue Haversian canal - ✔✔Channels in bone that contain blood vessels and nerves.lamellae - ✔✔Layers of bone, tissue, or cell walls. lining cells - ✔✔Flattened bone cells that come from osteoblasts. osteoarthritis - ✔✔Degenerative joint disease. osteoblasts - ✔✔Cells that make bone. osteoclasts - ✔✔Cells that remove bone osteocytes - ✔✔Bone cells acid - ✔✔A substance with a pH less than 7 base - ✔✔A substance with a pH greater than 7. catalyst - ✔✔A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction withoutundergoing permanent chemical change. chemical equation - ✔✔Mathematic representation of a chemical reaction. compound - ✔✔A substance made of two or more elements. element - ✔✔Pure substances that cannot be broken into simpler substances. enzyme - ✔✔A substance produced by a living thing that acts as a catalyst. metal - ✔✔A substance that is a good conductor of electricity and heat, forms cations by loss of electrons, and yields basic oxides and hydroxides. nonmetal - ✔✔Any element or substance that is not a metal organic molecule - ✔✔A molecule foundin a living thing that contains carbon pH - ✔✔The measure of acidity or alkalinity. salt - ✔✔A chemical compound formed from the reaction of an acid with a base, with at least part of the hydrogen of the acid replaced by a cation. neutron - ✔✔An atomic particle with no electric charge orbital - ✔✔An area around the nucleus where an electron can be found period - ✔✔One of seven horizontal rows in the periodic tables periodic table - ✔✔The table of elements expressed as columns and rows proton - ✔✔A positively charged atomic particle.valence electron - ✔✔An electron in an outer orbital that can form bonds with other atoms. cause - ✔✔The element that makes something happen. effect - ✔✔The result of a cause sequencing - ✔✔Organization of cause and effect relationships graduated cylinder - ✔✔A narrow cylinder used to measure liquid volume. gram - ✔✔Metric unit of mass length - ✔✔Measurement of distance from end to end. liter - ✔✔Measurement of volumemass - ✔✔A measurement of inertia, commonly considered the amount of material contained by an object and causing it to have weight in a gravitational field. meter - ✔✔Basic unit of length in the metric system. SI units - ✔✔International System of Units based on meters, kilograms, seconds, amperes, Kelvin, candela, and mole. volume - ✔✔The amount of space something takes up. volumetric pipette - ✔✔A device used for precise measurement of small amounts of liquid. anus - ✔✔The opening of the rectum from which solid waste is expelled [Show More]

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