A&P Ch. 20 Body Structure and Function with 100% Verified Solutions | Updated & Verified | 2024

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active transport - ✔✔process in cells that requires energy to transport materials to, from, and within the cell albinism - ✔✔inherited disorder that is indicated by the absence of melanin in... the skin, hair, and eyes anabolism - ✔✔process of chemical reactions that work together to build things, such as creating molecules from atoms anatomy - ✔✔study of the structure of an organism atom - ✔✔The most basic level of the body's structure ADHD - ✔✔disorder characterized by difficulty focusing attention and organizing and completing a task, possibly caused by genetic factors catabolism - ✔✔process of chemical reactions that work to break down larger units into smaller units, as in digestion of food cell - ✔✔most basic unit of life; often considered the building block of the human body cell membrane - ✔✔the outer covering of the cell which can allow some substances to pass into and out of the cell while denying passage of other substances. chromosomes - ✔✔microscopic bodies that carry the genes that determine hereditary characteristicscilia - ✔✔Small, hair-like projections that increase the surface area of the cell and propel substances along a cell's surface, increasing the cell's absorption ability. cleft palate - ✔✔congenital defect in the roof of the mouth when the palatine bones of the skull do not close properly color deficiency - ✔✔inherited, sex-linked disorder characterized by difficulty distinguishing colors, especially between reds and greens; formally called color blindness congenital disorder - ✔✔genetic disorder that is present at birth cystic fibrosis - ✔✔chronic, progressive disease in which mucus becomes thick, dry, and sticky and builds up and clogs passages in body organs, primarily the lungs and pancreas cytokinesis - ✔✔division of the nuclei of the cell and distribution of organelles into two daughter cells cytoplasm - ✔✔jellylike substance found between the cell membrane and the nuclear membrane DNA - ✔✔provides the cells blueprint or genetic makeup diffusion - ✔✔dissolved particles moving from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration down syndrome (trisomy 21) - ✔✔disorder caused by an extra chromosome at the 21st chromosomal pair characterized by growth delays, sloping forehead and other physical characteristics, and mild to moderate intellectual disability electrolyte - ✔✔an ion that is electrically charged and moves to either a negative or positive electrode filtration - ✔✔use of mechanical pressure to diffuse dissolved particles through membranesflagella - ✔✔tail-like structures that enable a cell to move through a medium fragile X syndrome - ✔✔a form of inherited mental retardation associated with developmental delays, behavioral and emotional difficulties, and physical traits such as an elongated, narrow face, large ears, and protruding forehead and jaw gametes - ✔✔cell developed through the process of meiosis that contains one half the chromosomes of its original parent cell genetics - ✔✔study of the makeup of animals or plants hemochromatosis - ✔✔inherited disorder of excessive body accumulation of iron causing poor function of various body organs hemophilia - ✔✔hereditary deficiency of clotting factors heredity - ✔✔transmission of genetic makeup from parents to children homeostasis - ✔✔result of an organisms systems working together to maintain balance or equilibrium by adjusting for constant changes. Fundamental characteristic of all living things. interphase - ✔✔period when a cell is not actively dividing but is preparing for the division process klinefelter's syndrome - ✔✔congenital endocrine disorder affecting males with symptoms including small testes and penis, tall stature, weak bones, low energy levels, and excessive breast tissue meiosis - ✔✔a two-part cell division process in sexually reproducing organisms that yields gametes with one-half the chromosomes of each parent cell.metabolism - ✔✔the chemical activities that are essential to maintain life; the sum of all biochemical and physiological processes that take place in the body mitosis - ✔✔process during which a cell divides its chromosomes into two identical daughter cells, each having 23 pairs of, or 46, chromosomes molecule - ✔✔a chemical combination of two or more atoms that forms a specific chemical compound muscular dystrophy - ✔✔one of a group of genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and muscular degeneration mutation - ✔✔change in the DNA sequence of a gene neurons - ✔✔nerve cells nuclear membrane - ✔✔double-layered sac that contains the nucleus of a cell nucleus - ✔✔control center and part of the cell containing the chromosomes organelles - ✔✔small structures within the cytoplasm of a cell organs - ✔✔similarly functioning groups of tissues that serve a common purpose osmosis - ✔✔for of diffusion whereby water is pulled through a semipermeable membrane, moving from areas of greater to lesser concentration passive transport - ✔✔process in cells that doesn't require energy to transport materials to, from, and within the cellpathophysiology - ✔✔study of diseases or disorders caused by a malfunction or by age, genetic predisposition, or environmental influences PKU - ✔✔congenital disease caused by a defect in the metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine physiology - ✔✔functions and process of the body; the study of the function of an organism RNA - ✔✔single chain of chemical bases sickle cell anemia - ✔✔inherited chronic form of anemia in which red blood cells become sickle shaped and piled up instead of flowing freely through the blood vessels spina bifida - ✔✔most frequently occurring, permanently disabling birth defect, resulting from the failure of the spine to close properly during the first month of pregnancy striated muscle tissue - ✔✔having a striped appearance. forms voluntary muscle. systems - ✔✔group of organs that work together to perform a specific function talipes - ✔✔congenital deformity of the foot Tay-Sachs disease - ✔✔inherited disorder that attacks the nervous system usually causing death before age 5 tissues - ✔✔grouping of cells that performs a specialized function. 4 Types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve.Turner's syndrome - ✔✔congenital disorder caused by failure of the ovaries to respond to pituitary hormone stimulation; possible effects may include impaired intelligence, amenorrhea, and shortness of stature Lysosomes - ✔✔organelles that aid in the digestion of nutrients and other materials. Centrioles - ✔✔paired organelles that are found lying at a 90-degree angle near the nucleus. Golgi apparatus - ✔✔saclike membranous structure that sorts, modifies, and transports various proteins throughout the cell. endoplasmic reticulum - ✔✔a network of tubules through the nucleus and cytoplasm. Smooth muscle tissue - ✔✔muscle tissue is found in the viscera(internal organs). Involuntary tissue type controled by the autonomic nervous system. phagocytosis - ✔✔the cell engulfs a solid particle, such as bacteria. Electrolytes - ✔✔maintain voltages across cell membranes and carry electrical impulses across themselves and to other cells. Genetic engineering - ✔✔making or changing an organism's DNA. Epithelial tissue - ✔✔a flat arrangement of cells that forms the skin, lines and covers the organs, lines the walls of cavities, and forms tubes, ducts, and some glands. Connective tissue - ✔✔Most abundant tissue in the body. Supports organs, covers muscles, and connects muscles and bones. Cardiac muscle tissue - ✔✔muscle tissue is found only in the heart.Pinocytosis - ✔✔means the cell "drinks" the fluid required Nerve tissue - ✔✔has two properties: excitability and conductivit [Show More]

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