active transport - ✔✔process in cells that requires energy to transport materials to, from, and within the
cell
albinism - ✔✔inherited disorder that is indicated by the absence of melanin in the skin, hair, and eyes
a
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active transport - ✔✔process in cells that requires energy to transport materials to, from, and within the
cell
albinism - ✔✔inherited disorder that is indicated by the absence of melanin in the skin, hair, and eyes
anabolism - ✔✔process of chemical reactions that work together to build things, such as creating
molecules from atoms
anatomy - ✔✔study of the structure of an organism
atom - ✔✔The most basic level of the body's structure
ADHD - ✔✔disorder characterized by difficulty focusing attention and organizing and completing a task,
possibly caused by genetic factors
catabolism - ✔✔process of chemical reactions that work to break down larger units into smaller units, as
in digestion of food
cell - ✔✔most basic unit of life; often considered the building block of the human body
cell membrane - ✔✔the outer covering of the cell which can allow some substances to pass into and out
of the cell while denying passage of other substances.
chromosomes - ✔✔microscopic bodies that carry the genes that determine hereditary characteristicscilia - ✔✔Small, hair-like projections that increase the surface area of the cell and propel substances
along a cell's surface, increasing the cell's absorption ability.
cleft palate - ✔✔congenital defect in the roof of the mouth when the palatine bones of the skull do not
close properly
color deficiency - ✔✔inherited, sex-linked disorder characterized by difficulty distinguishing colors,
especially between reds and greens; formally called color blindness
congenital disorder - ✔✔genetic disorder that is present at birth
cystic fibrosis - ✔✔chronic, progressive disease in which mucus becomes thick, dry, and sticky and builds
up and clogs passages in body organs, primarily the lungs and pancreas
cytokinesis - ✔✔division of the nuclei of the cell and distribution of organelles into two daughter cells
cytoplasm - ✔✔jellylike substance found between the cell membrane and the nuclear membrane
DNA - ✔✔provides the cells blueprint or genetic makeup
diffusion - ✔✔dissolved particles moving from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser
concentration
down syndrome (trisomy 21) - ✔✔disorder caused by an extra chromosome at the 21st chromosomal
pair characterized by growth delays, sloping forehead and other physical characteristics, and mild to
moderate intellectual disability
electrolyte - ✔✔an ion that is electrically charged and moves to either a negative or positive electrode
filtration - ✔✔use of mechanical pressure to diffuse dissolved particles through membranesflagella - ✔✔tail-like structures that enable a cell to move through a medium
fragile X syndrome - ✔✔a form of inherited mental retardation associated with developmental delays,
behavioral and emotional difficulties, and physical traits such as an elongated, narrow face, large ears,
and protruding forehead and jaw
gametes - ✔✔cell developed through the process of meiosis that contains one half the chromosomes of
its original parent cell
genetics - ✔✔study of the makeup of animals or plants
hemochromatosis - ✔✔inherited disorder of excessive body accumulation of iron causing poor function
of various body organs
hemophilia - ✔✔hereditary deficiency of clotting factors
heredity - ✔✔transmission of genetic makeup from parents to children
homeostasis - ✔✔result of an organisms systems working together to maintain balance or equilibrium
by adjusting for constant changes.
Fundamental characteristic of all living things.
interphase - ✔✔period when a cell is not actively dividing but is preparing for the division process
klinefelter's syndrome - ✔✔congenital endocrine disorder affecting males with symptoms including
small testes and penis, tall stature, weak bones, low energy levels, and excessive breast tissue
meiosis - ✔✔a two-part cell division process in sexually reproducing organisms that yields gametes with
one-half the chromosomes of each parent cell.metabolism - ✔✔the chemical activities that are essential to maintain life; the sum of all biochemical
and physiological processes that take place in the body
mitosis - ✔✔process during which a cell divides its chromosomes into two identical daughter cells, each
having 23 pairs of, or 46, chromosomes
molecule - ✔✔a chemical combination of two or more atoms that forms a specific chemical compound
muscular dystrophy - ✔✔one of a group of genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and
muscular degeneration
mutation - ✔✔change in the DNA sequence of a gene
neurons - ✔✔nerve cells
nuclear membrane - ✔✔double-layered sac that contains the nucleus of a cell
nucleus - ✔✔control center and part of the cell containing the chromosomes
organelles - ✔✔small structures within the cytoplasm of a cell
organs - ✔✔similarly functioning groups of tissues that serve a common purpose
osmosis - ✔✔for of diffusion whereby water is pulled through a semipermeable membrane, moving
from areas of greater to lesser concentration
passive transport - ✔✔process in cells that doesn't require energy to transport materials to, from, and
within the cellpathophysiology - ✔✔study of diseases or disorders caused by a malfunction or by age, genetic
predisposition, or environmental influences
PKU - ✔✔congenital disease caused by a defect in the metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine
physiology - ✔✔functions and process of the body; the study of the function of an organism
RNA - ✔✔single chain of chemical bases
sickle cell anemia - ✔✔inherited chronic form of anemia in which red blood cells become sickle shaped
and piled up instead of flowing freely through the blood vessels
spina bifida - ✔✔most frequently occurring, permanently disabling birth defect, resulting from the
failure of the spine to close properly during the first month of pregnancy
striated muscle tissue - ✔✔having a striped appearance.
forms voluntary muscle.
systems - ✔✔group of organs that work together to perform a specific function
talipes - ✔✔congenital deformity of the foot
Tay-Sachs disease - ✔✔inherited disorder that attacks the nervous system usually causing death before
age 5
tissues - ✔✔grouping of cells that performs a specialized function.
4 Types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve.Turner's syndrome - ✔✔congenital disorder caused by failure of the ovaries to respond to pituitary
hormone stimulation; possible effects may include impaired intelligence, amenorrhea, and shortness of
stature
Lysosomes - ✔✔organelles that aid in the digestion of nutrients and other materials.
Centrioles - ✔✔paired organelles that are found lying at a 90-degree angle near the nucleus.
Golgi apparatus - ✔✔saclike membranous structure that sorts, modifies, and transports various proteins
throughout the cell.
endoplasmic reticulum - ✔✔a network of tubules through the nucleus and cytoplasm.
Smooth muscle tissue - ✔✔muscle tissue is found in the viscera(internal organs).
Involuntary tissue type controled by the autonomic nervous system.
phagocytosis - ✔✔the cell engulfs a solid particle, such as bacteria.
Electrolytes - ✔✔maintain voltages across cell membranes and carry electrical impulses across
themselves and to other cells.
Genetic engineering - ✔✔making or changing an organism's DNA.
Epithelial tissue - ✔✔a flat arrangement of cells that forms the skin, lines and covers the organs, lines
the walls of cavities, and forms tubes, ducts, and some glands.
Connective tissue - ✔✔Most abundant tissue in the body.
Supports organs, covers muscles, and connects muscles and bones.
Cardiac muscle tissue - ✔✔muscle tissue is found only in the heart.Pinocytosis - ✔✔means the cell "drinks" the fluid required
Nerve tissue - ✔✔has two properties: excitability and conductivit
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