Sophia - US History II - Milestone 1 Final.

Sophia – US History II – Milestone 1 Final 1 Which statement about populism most closely aligns with historian Lawrence Goodwyn’s interpretation of the term?  It was the idea that production, distribution and exchan ...

Sophia – US History II – Milestone 1 Final 1 Which statement about populism most closely aligns with historian Lawrence Goodwyn’s interpretation of the term?  It was the idea that production, distribution and exchange were equally shared by rich and poor alike.  It was a political movement that offered an alternative to the politicaleconomic order of the Gilded Age.  It was a political style that used language to convince others to endorse the views being voiced.  It was a political stance that emphasized free enterprise and minimal governmental intervention. CONCEPT How Historians View Populism 2 Choose the statement that applies equally to the "Old South" and the "New South."  African Americans endured intimidation, violence and political disfranchisement.  Sharecropping was a dominant feature of the economy.  Cotton cultivation relied heavily on African American slave labor.  Expanded railroad lines facilitated the easy movement of goods. CONCEPT Race in the New South 3 Several ideologies—social Darwinism, the self-made man and the Gospel of Wealth—emerged in the Gilded Age. Choose the person from the Gilded Age whose ideas are reflected in this statement: "There is a difference between the deserving and the undeserving poor."  Andrew Carnegie  Herbert Spencer  Mark Twain  Henry George CONCEPT The Gilded Age 4 Read the newspaper excerpt from The Indianapolis Journal quoting Jay Gould about the 1886 railroad strike. "There is no room for a compromise, for the strikers have confessed, in effect, that they have no grievances against our company. I am bound to fight this question to the bitter end for this very reason. The position is a simple one; if we had interfered with the management of the Texas Pacific we should have been in contempt of the United States Court which has charge of that road. The men on our own lines have made no complaint against us, but by striking try to enforce the demands of workmen on another road not under our control. There can be no compromise of such a strike. I have asked the opinion of Judge Dillon as to our legal rights under such circumstances, and his decision is that it is our duty, not alone our right, to prevent the interruption of the business of the road by all legal means." Jay Gould's comments most likely represent what group's perspective?  Business leaders  Union workers  Police officers  Labor organizers CONCEPT Labor Conflict in the Gilded Age 5 What was the effect of the Supreme Court decision in the Civil Rights Cases?  It affirmed that federal rights differed from state rights and states could discriminate according to their own laws.  It determined the Civil Rights Act of 1875 was unconstitutional and unenforceable for private businesses.  It confirmed the policy of “separate but equal” in the public sphere.  It narrowed the 14th Amendment by arguing the obligation to enforce it lay with the states, not the federal government. CONCEPT Race in the New South 6 Which of these is an example of a secondary source for historical research on President Theodore Roosevelt?  A photograph of Theodore Roosevelt fighting in the Spanish-American War  A biography of Theodore Roosevelt  Government voting records from the 1900 election  A political cartoon from the 1900s about Theodore Roosevelt's foreign policies CONCEPT Analyzing Primary Sources 7 Choose the factor that was most likely an effect of rapid industrialization in the United States during the late 19th century.  New infrastructures in large cities, such as elevated trains  Grants of public lands to railroad companies  Increased reliance on local shops and markets  Communication advances such as the telegram CONCEPT Growth of the City 8 Consider the excerpt from a speech given by the former slave and abolitionist Frederick Douglass: "I have had but one idea for the last three years to present to the American people, and the phraseology in which I clothe it is the old abolition phraseology. I am for the 'immediate, unconditional, and universal' enfranchisement of the black man, in every State in the Union. [Loud applause.] Without this, his liberty is a mockery; without this, you might as well almost retain the old name of slavery for his condition; for in fact, if he is not the slave of the individual master, he is the slave of society, and holds his liberty as a privilege, not as a right. He is at the mercy of the mob, and has no means of protecting himself." Which question would be most relevant for analyzing this historical speech?  How many people were in the audience?  How long is the speech?  What was the purpose of the speech?  Where has this speech been reprinted? CONCEPT Analyzing Primary Sources 9 Hannah runs a hospitality business with Ray and Susan, backed by a group of investors who provide the funding but rely on Hannah and company to operate the business. What term best describes this type of business arrangement?  A trust  A trade  A monopoly  A holding company CONCEPT Corporations and Industry in the Late 19th Century 10 Choose the most accurate statement about the nature of politics in the Gilded Age.  National politics were dominated by strong presidents who won overwhelming popular majorities.  Candidates for local office promised reform and an end to corruption.  The major political parties were polarized over monetary policy.  Republicans dominated the political process. CONCEPT Gilded Age Politics 11 Choose the group or entity that was a predecessor of the Populist Party.  The Democratic Party  The Republican Party  The Greenback-Labor Party  The Whig Party CONCEPT Rural America in the Late 19th Century 12 Choose the true statement about the Knights of Labor.  It was led by Samuel Gompers.  At its height, its membership was more than 700,000 workers.  It was a combination of about 20 different craft unions.  It rejected women and minorities from its union. CONCEPT Working Class Life and Labor Unions in the Gilded Age 13 By the late 1800s, some settlers’ dreams of the West were not matched by the realities. Choose the statement that describes one of these “realities.”  “If I work hard, I will succeed."  "Railroads will help me compete with large farms."  “The West is a land of individual freedom.”  “Establishing a farm is expensive.” CONCEPT Homesteading 14 Choose the true statement about the nature of the rural economy in the late 19th century.  Farmers had significant influence over grain prices, enabling them to live comfortably.  Merchants and store owners extended credit to poor farmers at lowinterest rates.  Court cases to regulate interstate commerce to farmers' benefit were won with the aid of strong farmers unions.  Although cotton remained a significant crop in the South, it was not profitable for many farmers. CONCEPT Rural America in the Late 19th Century 15 Consider this political cartoon from 1891 that depicts Uncle Sam in front of a crowd of immigrants. A judge tells Uncle Sam, "If Immigration was properly Restricted you would no longer be troubled with Anarchy, Socialism, the Mafia and such kindred evils!" Some of the labels on the immigrants include: “German socialist,” “Polish vagabond,” and “English convict.” Choose the statement that best reflects how new immigrants to America were viewed by citizens as illustrated in the cartoon.  "These new immigrants bring fresh ideas that will reinvigorate our ailing democracy."  "So many immigrants will strain the available land resources in America."  "Lots of immigrants arriving so quickly encourages current citizens to turn to crime rather than compete for jobs."  "All these new immigrants are troublemakers that will harm our country." CONCEPT Late 19th Century Immigrant Experience 16 In the late 19th century, the consolidation of manufacturing in large cities and an ever-growing railroad system changed the nature of consumption in rural America. Choose the statement that best describes one of these changes in the nature of rural consumption.  John’s small general store now had plenty of customers, and he was able to do excellent business.  Sarah wanted to purchase a new sewing machine, but no longer could because she did not have enough cash on hand.  Mary bought a new piano from Sears, but it had become more expensive than if she had bought it locally.  Ed’s newspaper began to include full-page advertisements for new consumer products. CONCEPT Industrialization and Consumer Culture 17 "The telegraph profoundly changed businesses and governments by making rapid, long-distance communication possible." A historian would most likely make this statement if they were analyzing this image through what historical lens?  Law  Gender  Class  Science CONCEPT The Lenses of History 18 Tina, a professional historian, is considering the factors that can influence a historian’s interpretation of a past event. She is researching the rise of women activists in the 18th and 19th centuries in the United States. Which factor should be allowed to influence her interpretation?  the sensitivities of others  possible bias in primary or secondary sources  her personal feelings toward female activists  ways the event has been fictionalized CONCEPT The Historian's Practice 19 Choose the statement that best reflects an argument used by Chief Joseph to oppose federal assimilation.  “Indians must conform to American society in order to grow and advance as a people.”  "We must be allowed to live independently of the white man's society."  “We want to live as other men live; we want to travel, work, worship and live where we choose.”  "We tried assimilation in the past and it was a failure." CONCEPT Western Conquest and Indian Assimilation 20 Because of the economic downturn in the 1890s, many Americans organized to seek relief from corporations and elected officials. Choose the statement that best reflects how farmers responded to the crises of the 1890s.  They engaged in a gunfight with Pinkerton detectives and killed several of them.  They had little sympathy for workers’ protests for relief.  They continued to face debt and marginalization in the modern economy and sought an alliance with industrial workers.  They viewed the financial crisis as a result of the Sherman Silver Purchase Act and supported its repeal. CONCEPT Economic Depression and Labor Unrest in the 1890s 21 What was one reason numerous social reform movements emerged in the late 1800s?  The Catholic Church emphasized the need to save the souls of the poor and uneducated.  The steep rise of labor unions largely ignored the needs of the urban poor.  An influx of unskilled immigrants to rural areas overwhelmed the job and housing markets.  Urban areas had too many people without the infrastructure to protect or support them. CONCEPT Growth of the City 22 Which list of activities best represents the basic practices of historians?  Maintaining consistency in historical narratives over time, asking questions about the nature of history, insisting on a single narrative for the past and referencing strongly biased secondary sources  Applying historical lenses, asking questions about the future, compiling facts about past events and stating personal opinions about the past  Asking questions about the future, insisting on a single narrative for the past, referencing strongly biased secondary sources and stating personal opinions about the past  Applying historical lenses, asking questions about the nature of history, compiling facts about past events and interpreting evidence from the past CONCEPT The Historian's Practice 23 Identify the most important reason that the election of 1896 was significant in American politics.  One party used corporate campaign donations to hire speakers and print literature to discredit the opponent.  Both presidential candidates traveled and gave public speeches during the campaign.  Voters settled the question of how many immigrants would be admitted to the country on an annual basis.  The Democratic, Republican and Populist Parties all gained strength as independent political entities. CONCEPT The Election of 1896 24 In the summer of 1893, a young historian, Frederick Jackson Turner, presented a paper that explained his views on the significance of the frontier in American history. Choose the statement that best reflects Turner’s views on the significance of the Western frontier.  Turner apologized for the subjugation of Native Americans.  Turner included women in his argument, rejecting the myth that the West was only for rugged, masculine individuals.  Turner proposed that American society in the West was fundamentally different from the Eastern United States.  Turner argued that Western expansion allowed those who were dissatisfied with their economic or social positions elsewhere to improve them on the frontier. CONCEPT The Frontier in American History