PHI 220 Final Exams and with answers

PHI 220 Final Exams  Question 1 2 out of 2 points For Epictetus and the Stoics, it is ________ that leads to the best life. Selected Answer: self-control Correct Answer: self-control  Question 2 2 out of 2 poi ...

PHI 220 Final Exams  Question 1 2 out of 2 points For Epictetus and the Stoics, it is ________ that leads to the best life. Selected Answer: self-control Correct Answer: self-control  Question 2 2 out of 2 points Augustine states that happiness resides in __________. Selected Answer: following God Correct Answer: following God  Question 3 2 out of 2 points According to Aristotle, which of the following is the mean between the extremes of cowardice and foolhardiness? Selected Answer: courage Correct Answer: courage  Question 4 2 out of 2 points For Aristotle, happiness is best defined as __________.Selected Answer: a virtuous activity of the soul Correct Answer: a virtuous activity of the soul  Question 5 0 out of 2 points In seeking to live moral lives, Aristotle thinks we must be especially alert to the dangers of __________. Selected Answer: greed Correct Answer: hedonism  Question 6 2 out of 2 points Epictetus believes that the most important aspect of piety toward the gods is __________. Selected Answer: all of the above Correct Answer: all of the above  Question 7 2 out of 2 points Augustine holds the view that the soul obtains virtue by following __________. Selected Answer: God Correct Answer: God  Question 8 2 out of 2 pointsAugustine claims that the chief good of the body is __________ Selected Answer: the soul Correct Answer: the soul  Question 9 2 out of 2 points According to Aristotle, the ________ life is the best life. Selected Answer: contemplative Correct Answer: contemplative  Question 10 2 out of 2 points For Aristotle, how should we determine which action is the right thing to do? Selected Answer: We should do the virtuous act, which is a mean between two extremes. Correct Answer: We should do the virtuous act, which is a mean between two extremes.  Question 11 2 out of 2 points In the selection from Dante's Inferno, what vice being punished by the sinners encountered? Selected Answer: hypocrisy Correct Answer: hypocrisy  Question 12 2 out of 2 points________ is not a devilish vice, according to Immanuel Kant. Selected Answer: Grudge Correct Answer: Grudge  Question 13 2 out of 2 points The way to avoid punishment in hell, according to Jonathan Edwards, is to __________. Selected Answer: be born again via faith in Christ Correct Answer: be born again via faith in Christ  Question 14 2 out of 2 points Kant argues that in encouraging moral development in children, goodness must be commended __________. Selected Answer: in and for itself Correct Answer: in and for itself  Question 15 0 out of 2 points According to Kant, we should only accept favors from someone else when __________. Selected Answer: we are sure that we will be able to repay them. Correct Answer: we are forced to do so by necessity.  Question 162 out of 2 points Who emphasizes our need to “commune with our own hearts, and be still”? Selected Answer: Samuel Johnson Correct Answer: Samuel Johnson  Question 17 2 out of 2 points Immanuel Kant, in “Jealousy, Envy, and Spite,” claims that comparing ourselves with others is ________ method for determining our own moral worth. Selected Answer: an improper Correct Answer: an improper  Question 18 2 out of 2 points Plutarch believes that there is ________ pleasure produced by vice. Selected Answer: no Correct Answer: no  Question 19 0 out of 2 points According to Plutarch, a pleasant and happy life comes from __________. Selected Answer: the honor and respect of others Correct Answer: one’s own character Question 20 0 out of 2 points Who uses the example of King David in his discussion of self-deception? Selected Answer: Samuel Johnson Correct Answer: Joseph Butler  Question 21 2 out of 2 points This philosopher said, "A man or a woman whose consciousness has been permanently obliterated but who remains alive is a human being which is no longer a person; defective human beings with no appreciable mental capacity, are not and presumably never will be people." Selected Answer: Marry Ann Warren Correct Answer: Marry Ann Warren  Question 22 2 out of 2 points According to Mary Anne Warren, the supposed rights of the fetus can __________ outweigh the rights of the mother. Selected Answer: never Correct Answer: never  Question 23 2 out of 2 points Which one of the following philosophers believes that animals do not feel pain because they do not possess souls?Selected Answer: Descartes Correct Answer: Descartes  Question 24 0 out of 2 points Which of the following is crucial to resolving the morality of abortion, in the opinion of Mary Anne Warren? Selected Answer: determining the potential for personhood of the fetus Correct Answer: determining the personhood of the fetus  Question 25 2 out of 2 points Which of the following is the analogy employed by Peter Singer in his argument contained in “Famine, Affluence, and Morality”? Selected Answer: the drowning child Correct Answer: the drowning child  Question 26 2 out of 2 points What is Robert Fullinwider’s position on affirmative action? Selected Answer: He agrees with affirmative action because affirmative action is necessary to prevent discrimination and secure equality of opportunity. Correct Answer: He agrees with affirmative action because affirmative action is necessary to prevent discrimination and secure equality of opportunity. Question 27 2 out of 2 points Advocates of animal rights claim that it is ________ to discriminate against animals merely because they are not human. Selected Answer: speciesist Correct Answer: speciesist  Question 28 0 out of 2 points Peter Singer argues that giving money to famine relief is __________. Selected Answer: supererogatory Correct Answer: morally required  Question 29 2 out of 2 points Immanuel Kant argues that we have ________ moral duties to animals. Selected Answer: indirect Correct Answer: indirect  Question 30 2 out of 2 points Bertrand Russell argues that the free man __________. Selected Answer: will burn with passion for eternal things Correct Answer:will burn with passion for eternal things  Question 31 2 out of 2 points Which one of the following said that human beings are “condemned to be free”? Selected Answer: Jean Paul Sartre Correct Answer: Jean Paul Sartre  Question 32 0 out of 2 points Albert Camus argues that ________ is the solution to life’s absurdity. Selected Answer: suicide Correct Answer: defiance  Question 33 0 out of 2 points Nagel’s problem with God being the ultimate explanation of the meaning of life is __________. Selected Answer: the question of the meaning of life is unintelligible. Correct Answer: that he isn’t sure what this means.  Question 34 2 out of 2 points Who does Tolstoy believe to possess the key to a full and meaningful life?Selected Answer: the peasants Correct Answer: the peasants  Question 35 0 out of 2 points Which of the following was Tolstoy’s solution to the intense feelings of life’s utter lack of true and lasting meaning? Selected Answer: a rational faith in God Correct Answer: an irrational faith in God  Question 36 2 out of 2 points Which of the following does Viktor Frankl claim that the prisoners in concentration camps needed in order to survive their ordeal? Selected Answer: Faith in the future Correct Answer: Faith in the future  Question 37 2 out of 2 points Which of the following answers to question of the meaning of life did Tolstoy hold prior to his change of heart and mind? Selected Answer: Life’s meaning is to provide comfort for oneself and one’s family. Correct Answer: Life’s meaning is to provide comfort for oneself and one’s family.  Question 380 out of 2 points Thomas Nagel’s objection to the religious approach to the question of life’s meaning is that __________. Selected Answer: there is no evidence that God actually exists Correct Answer: taking God to be the ultimate source of meaning is an incomprehensible view  Question 39 0 out of 2 points Robert Solomon argues that we can be grateful without being __________. Selected Answer: genuinely sincere Correct Answer: grateful to another being  Question 40 0 out of 2 points According to Thomas Nagel, which of the following statements is true? Selected Answer: Love, compassion, and knowledge are the keys to meaning in life. Correct Answer: We should be concerned about meaning within our lives.