PHI 220 Final Exams
Question 1
2 out of 2 points
For Epictetus and the Stoics, it is ________ that leads to the best life.
Selected Answer:
self-control
Correct Answer:
self-control
Question 2
2 out of 2 poi
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PHI 220 Final Exams
Question 1
2 out of 2 points
For Epictetus and the Stoics, it is ________ that leads to the best life.
Selected Answer:
self-control
Correct Answer:
self-control
Question 2
2 out of 2 points
Augustine states that happiness resides in __________.
Selected Answer:
following God
Correct Answer:
following God
Question 3
2 out of 2 points
According to Aristotle, which of the following is the mean between the extremes of cowardice
and foolhardiness?
Selected Answer:
courage
Correct Answer:
courage
Question 4
2 out of 2 points
For Aristotle, happiness is best defined as __________.Selected Answer:
a virtuous activity of the soul
Correct Answer:
a virtuous activity of the soul
Question 5
0 out of 2 points
In seeking to live moral lives, Aristotle thinks we must be especially alert to the dangers of
__________.
Selected Answer:
greed
Correct Answer:
hedonism
Question 6
2 out of 2 points
Epictetus believes that the most important aspect of piety toward the gods is __________.
Selected Answer:
all of the above
Correct Answer:
all of the above
Question 7
2 out of 2 points
Augustine holds the view that the soul obtains virtue by following __________.
Selected Answer:
God
Correct Answer:
God
Question 8
2 out of 2 pointsAugustine claims that the chief good of the body is __________
Selected Answer:
the soul
Correct Answer:
the soul
Question 9
2 out of 2 points
According to Aristotle, the ________ life is the best life.
Selected Answer:
contemplative
Correct Answer:
contemplative
Question 10
2 out of 2 points
For Aristotle, how should we determine which action is the right thing to do?
Selected Answer:
We should do the virtuous act, which is a mean between two extremes.
Correct Answer:
We should do the virtuous act, which is a mean between two extremes.
Question 11
2 out of 2 points
In the selection from Dante's Inferno, what vice being punished by the sinners encountered?
Selected Answer:
hypocrisy
Correct Answer:
hypocrisy
Question 12
2 out of 2 points________ is not a devilish vice, according to Immanuel Kant.
Selected Answer:
Grudge
Correct Answer:
Grudge
Question 13
2 out of 2 points
The way to avoid punishment in hell, according to Jonathan Edwards, is to __________.
Selected Answer:
be born again via faith in Christ
Correct Answer:
be born again via faith in Christ
Question 14
2 out of 2 points
Kant argues that in encouraging moral development in children, goodness must be
commended __________.
Selected Answer:
in and for itself
Correct Answer:
in and for itself
Question 15
0 out of 2 points
According to Kant, we should only accept favors from someone else when __________.
Selected Answer:
we are sure that we will be able to repay them.
Correct Answer:
we are forced to do so by necessity.
Question 162 out of 2 points
Who emphasizes our need to “commune with our own hearts, and be still”?
Selected Answer:
Samuel Johnson
Correct Answer:
Samuel Johnson
Question 17
2 out of 2 points
Immanuel Kant, in “Jealousy, Envy, and Spite,” claims that comparing ourselves with others
is ________ method for determining our own moral worth.
Selected Answer:
an improper
Correct Answer:
an improper
Question 18
2 out of 2 points
Plutarch believes that there is ________ pleasure produced by vice.
Selected Answer:
no
Correct Answer:
no
Question 19
0 out of 2 points
According to Plutarch, a pleasant and happy life comes from __________.
Selected Answer:
the honor and respect of others
Correct Answer:
one’s own character Question 20
0 out of 2 points
Who uses the example of King David in his discussion of self-deception?
Selected Answer:
Samuel Johnson
Correct Answer:
Joseph Butler
Question 21
2 out of 2 points
This philosopher said, "A man or a woman whose consciousness has been permanently
obliterated but who remains alive is a human being which is no longer a person; defective
human beings with no appreciable mental capacity, are not and presumably never will be
people."
Selected Answer:
Marry Ann Warren
Correct Answer:
Marry Ann Warren
Question 22
2 out of 2 points
According to Mary Anne Warren, the supposed rights of the fetus can __________ outweigh
the rights of the mother.
Selected Answer:
never
Correct Answer:
never
Question 23
2 out of 2 points
Which one of the following philosophers believes that animals do not feel pain because they
do not possess souls?Selected Answer:
Descartes
Correct Answer:
Descartes
Question 24
0 out of 2 points
Which of the following is crucial to resolving the morality of abortion, in the opinion of Mary
Anne Warren?
Selected Answer:
determining the potential for personhood of the fetus
Correct Answer:
determining the personhood of the fetus
Question 25
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following is the analogy employed by Peter Singer in his argument contained in
“Famine, Affluence, and Morality”?
Selected Answer:
the drowning child
Correct Answer:
the drowning child
Question 26
2 out of 2 points
What is Robert Fullinwider’s position on affirmative action?
Selected
Answer: He agrees with affirmative action because affirmative action is necessary to
prevent discrimination and secure equality of opportunity.
Correct
Answer: He agrees with affirmative action because affirmative action is necessary to
prevent discrimination and secure equality of opportunity. Question 27
2 out of 2 points
Advocates of animal rights claim that it is ________ to discriminate against animals merely
because they are not human.
Selected Answer:
speciesist
Correct Answer:
speciesist
Question 28
0 out of 2 points
Peter Singer argues that giving money to famine relief is __________.
Selected Answer:
supererogatory
Correct Answer:
morally required
Question 29
2 out of 2 points
Immanuel Kant argues that we have ________ moral duties to animals.
Selected Answer:
indirect
Correct Answer:
indirect
Question 30
2 out of 2 points
Bertrand Russell argues that the free man __________.
Selected Answer:
will burn with passion for eternal things
Correct Answer:will burn with passion for eternal things
Question 31
2 out of 2 points
Which one of the following said that human beings are “condemned to be free”?
Selected Answer:
Jean Paul Sartre
Correct Answer:
Jean Paul Sartre
Question 32
0 out of 2 points
Albert Camus argues that ________ is the solution to life’s absurdity.
Selected Answer:
suicide
Correct Answer:
defiance
Question 33
0 out of 2 points
Nagel’s problem with God being the ultimate explanation of the meaning of life is
__________.
Selected Answer:
the question of the meaning of life is unintelligible.
Correct Answer:
that he isn’t sure what this means.
Question 34
2 out of 2 points
Who does Tolstoy believe to possess the key to a full and meaningful life?Selected Answer:
the peasants
Correct Answer:
the peasants
Question 35
0 out of 2 points
Which of the following was Tolstoy’s solution to the intense feelings of life’s utter lack of
true and lasting meaning?
Selected Answer:
a rational faith in God
Correct Answer:
an irrational faith in God
Question 36
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following does Viktor Frankl claim that the prisoners in concentration camps
needed in order to survive their ordeal?
Selected Answer:
Faith in the future
Correct Answer:
Faith in the future
Question 37
2 out of 2 points
Which of the following answers to question of the meaning of life did Tolstoy hold prior to
his change of heart and mind?
Selected Answer:
Life’s meaning is to provide comfort for oneself and one’s family.
Correct Answer:
Life’s meaning is to provide comfort for oneself and one’s family.
Question 380 out of 2 points
Thomas Nagel’s objection to the religious approach to the question of life’s meaning is that
__________.
Selected
Answer: there is no evidence that God actually exists
Correct Answer:
taking God to be the ultimate source of meaning is an incomprehensible
view
Question 39
0 out of 2 points
Robert Solomon argues that we can be grateful without being __________.
Selected Answer:
genuinely sincere
Correct Answer:
grateful to another being
Question 40
0 out of 2 points
According to Thomas Nagel, which of the following statements is true?
Selected Answer:
Love, compassion, and knowledge are the keys to meaning in life.
Correct Answer:
We should be concerned about meaning within our lives.
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