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Essentials Of Physical Anthropology 10th Edition By Jurmain, Kilgore, Trevathan, Bartelink TEST BANK

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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY Chapter Outline I. Introduction A. Hominins are members of an evolutionary lineage which includes our own species, Homo sapiens, and all extinct b... ipedal relatives. 1. The 3.7 million year-old footprints at the ancient savanna site of Laetoli, as well as numerous fossil discoveries in Africa, are clear evidence of bipedalism. The footprints in what is now Tanzania in eastern Africa indicate the presence of Australopithecus afarensis. 2. The foot prints at the moon and the Laetoli footprints both represent humankind’s place in nature. 3. Homo sapiens are the result of the same evolutionary forces that produced all other life forms on this planet. 4. Evolution is defined as the change in the genetic structure of a population. a. Evolution can be studied at the microevolutionary or macroevolutionary level. b. It also involves the study of human variation and adaptation. II. The Human Connection A. Human beings are linked to all other life forms on earth biologically and behaviorally. 1. There is a biological continuum because we are the product of the same evolutionary forces that produced all living things. 2. There is a behavioral continuum between humans and other life forms, especially with the nonhuman primates. III. Biocultural Evolution A. Biological anthropologists are involved in the study of physiological and biological systems, yet the role of culture must also be considered. 1. Culture is the strategy by which humans adapt to the natural environment. 2. Each culture shapes people’s perceptions of the external environment, or worldview. 3. Culture is learned and not genetically determined, yet the predisposition is profoundly influenced by biological factors. The mutual, interactions between biology and culture is biocultural evolution. a. Biocultural evolution makes humans unique. b. It has resulted in many anatomical, biological, and behavioral changes during the course of human evolution [Show More]

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