PRELECTURE QUIZZES- true/false Medsurg Exam 2 Study Guide

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PRELECTURE QUIZZES- true/false Medsurg Exam 2 Study Guide 1. Tachypnea, dyspnea, and mild-to-moderate hypoxemia are hallmarks of the severity of atelectasis- 2. Adenocarcinoma is the rarest carcino... ma of the lung in both men and women; it occurs peripherally as peripheral masses or nodules and often metastasizes 3. Adequate treatment of upper respiratory tract infection is one of the major factors in the prevention of acute bronchitis.- 4. Antibiotics are the initial medical treatment of choice in viral upper respiratory tract infections and pneumonia 5. The major cause of death in ARDS is nonpulmonary multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, often with sepsis.- 6. Bronchospasm, which occurs in many pulmonary diseases, reduces the caliber of the small bronchi and may cause dyspnea, static secretions, and infection 7. The pathophysiology of emphysema involves destruction of the walls of the alveoli leading to impaired oxygen diffusion.- 8. Asthma is considered a distinct, separate disorder from COPD and is classified as an abnormal airway condition characterized primarily by reversible inflammation.- 9. Smoking cessation is the single most cost-effective intervention to reduce the risk of developing COPD and to stop its progression.- 10. Administering oxygen to patients with COPD will result in cardiopulmonary arrest by suppressing the drive to breathe 11. Myocardial dysfunction occurs when irreversibly damaged heart muscle is replaced by adipose tissue 12. The most common cause of cardiovascular disease in the United States is atherosclerosis, an abnormal accumulation of lipid, or fatty substances, and fibrous tissue in the lining of arterial blood vessel walls- 13. For a patient to be considered a candidate for a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), the coronary arteries to be bypassed must have approximately a 70% occlusion (60% if the affected artery is the left main coronary artery- 14. Clopidogrel (Plavix) is commonly prescribed in addition to aspirin in patients at high risk for MI 15. Beta-blockers, such as Lopressor and Toprol, are the standard treatment for angina pectoris 16. A patient with pulmonary edema should be positioned upright, preferably with the legs dangling over the side of the bed, if possible- 17. The most common type of heart failure is an alteration in ventricular contraction called diastolic heart failure, which is characterized by a weakened heart muscle.- 18. ACE inhibitors are recommended for prevention of HF in patients at risk due to vascular disease and diabetes 19. Fluid overload and decreased tissue perfusion result when the heart cannot generate cardiac output (CO) sufficient to meet the body's demands for oxygen and nutrients 20. Digitalis (digoxin) is considered the most essential and most frequently prescribed pharmacologic agent for the treatment of heart failure 21. Iron deficiency anemia, the most common type of anemia in all age groups, also is the most common anemia in the world.- 22. The patient with sickle cell trait usually has a normal hemoglobin level, a normal hematocrit, and a normal blood smear.- 23. Anemia is the most common hematologic condition affecting older adults, particularly those admitted to hospitals or those in long-term care facilities 24. Polycythemia vera is a rare form of anemia 25. A primary nursing diagnosis for a patient with acute leukemia is impaired nutritional intake due to the pain and discomfort associated with mucositis and stomatitis.- 26. Polycythemia vera is a condition that places the patient at risk for increased infection- 27. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia the most common form of leukemia and may require no treatment in the early stages- 28. Multiple myeloma is a malignant disease of plasma cells in bone marrow.- 29. Hematopoiesis is characterized by a slow, continuous process of the formation and maturation of blood cells.- 30. Nurses need to be nonjudgmental in order to be effective in educating LGBT population about HIV/AIDS prevention methods.- 31. Nursing management of patients with HIV include educating the patient to recognize the signs and symptoms of infection- 32. Modes of transmission for HIV include blood, semen, saliva, and casual contact- 33. The majority of primary immune deficiency disorders are diagnosed during infancy- 34. Many patients with PIDDs have comorbid autoimmune disorders, such as thyroid disease, rheumatoid arthritis, cytopenias, and inflammatory bowel disease.- 35. Latex allergy is an allergic reaction to natural rubber proteins- 36. Allergic rhinitis is induced by airborne pollens or molds.- 37. Immunoglobulins of the IgE class are involved in allergic disorders and some parasitic infections.- 38. Contact dermatitis is a type I immediate hypersensitivity disorder characterized by inflammation and hyperreactivity of the skin 39. An antigen is a protein substance developed by the body in response to and interacting with a specific antibody 40. The most definitive indicator of rheumatoid arthritis is the rheumatoid factor which is present in 100% of all diagnosed patients 41. A hallmark of rheumatologic diseases is autoimmunity, where the body mistakenly recognizes its own tissue as a foreign pathogen (antigen)- 42. Alkylating agents and purine analogues are the first line of pharmacologic therapy for people with systemic lupus erythematous because of their effect on overall immune function.- 43. Gout is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis.- 44. Risk factors for osteoarthritis and its progression include older age, female gender, and obesity- [Show More]

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