Biology 101 quiz 4 study guide

Biology 101 quiz 4 study guide When the organism expresses a set of genes, the result is the characteristics of that organism. These characteristics are called its ____________. The term "transcription" means the pro ...

Biology 101 quiz 4 study guide When the organism expresses a set of genes, the result is the characteristics of that organism. These characteristics are called its ____________. The term "transcription" means the process of reading a base sequence in ____________ to generate a complementary base sequence in ____________. Information from DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is then transported to ribosomes. This phrase describes the role of ____________ in ____________ expression. Why is the word "translation" used for protein production? Describe 2 major problems that transcription solves for the cell. In the process of transcription, the base sequence in the molecule ____________ is read by the molecule ____________, an enzyme that makes RNA molecules. In the translation process, tRNA molecules are also called "adapter" molecules. Why? What is their function? There are more than four kinds of amino acids in proteins. Each kind of amino acid must be coded for in mRNA. Thus, a short sequence of mRNA bases called a(n) ____________ is used to code for each amino acid in the translation process. What is a general name for a three­dimensional, folded molecule shaped like an "L," with an anticodon at one end and an amino acid attachment site at the other end? Transferring correct amino acids to the ribosome during elongation is a good description of the role of ____________ in the cell cytoplasm. The ____________ is often represented as a chart in which a specific sequence of bases in mRNA (a codon) is used to represent each amino acid building block found in the world of proteins. The genetic code is said to be degenerate. What does this mean? What are the 3 essential resources that a daughter cell must get from a parent cell or from nature in order to succeed in living life? Life perpetuates itself at the ____________ level by acquiring monomers and energy sources at the microscopic level and by carrying out absorption, processing and growing "for" the organism. When DNA is replicated, the two strands are first separated through breakage of ____________; each strand then becomes a ____________ against which two new strands are made. Polymerizing nucleotides interior hydrogen bonds List the 4 symbols/names for the 4 stages of the cell cycle. List in order the stages of mitosis. The nuclear membrane of the cell disintegrates during which mitotic period of the cell cycle? The mitotic stage of metaphase is most clearly defined by what organelle activity with what result? stage of mitosis in the eukaryotic cell cycle in which chromosomes are at their most condensed and coiled stage. The de­condensation of visible chromosomes back into chromatin fibers is a defining feature of which phase of the cell cycle? Telophase List the 2 principle characteristics of the disease cancer. Divide uncontrollably, dedifferentiate, and spread into other tissue. A ____________ is a mutated form of a gene that normally directs the activation of regulatory pathways moving a cell toward division. What would you call genes that normally direct the inhibition of cell division regulatory pathways? In healthy cells, what is the normal function of the activated ras protein? Information for developing an animal comes from within the animal. This is a major difference between animal development and ____________ development. List the recognized organ systems to be found within the human body. Summarize the structure and function of the endocrine system. Consists of ductless The endocrine system is composed of a network of glands that include the A sequence of human cell divisions accompanied by some growth and cell differentiation convert an early, solid ball of cells called a ____________ into a hollow ball of cells called a ____________. List and distinguish all the terms that would be used to describe aspects of the three­dimensional adult form. In the three­dimensional form of the adult Dalmatian dog, what would the "front" end of the animal be named? Your primordial (early) ____________ began as a fusion of two endocardial tubes near your midline. List the 5 pre­specialized (early) regions of the brain found in a 7­week­old human embryo. Successful differentiation of early brain regions requires that cells destined to form these regions have surface receptors for both the ____________ and ____________ signal proteins. Heart rate and respiratory inhalation rate functions in the mature human adult are controlled by the ____________ ____________. Which part of the mature adult brain exerts a dominant control over the endocrine system? The Ventral hypothalamus and pituitary gland The brain most directly interacts with and controls the ____________ ____________ and the peripheral ____________.