ATI—Reproductive Cycle—Chapter 1 (1-19)
Infertility—no conception with unprotected sex for at least 12 months. Common factors—decreased sperm,
ovulation DOs, tubal occlusions, and endometriosis. Meds used increase risk
...
ATI—Reproductive Cycle—Chapter 1 (1-19)
Infertility—no conception with unprotected sex for at least 12 months. Common factors—decreased sperm,
ovulation DOs, tubal occlusions, and endometriosis. Meds used increase risk of multiple births >
25% Assessment (p13) Age, duration of infertility, OB hx (spontaneous abortions), Medical hx,
surgical hx, sexual hx (coitus frequency, # past partners, hx STIs), occupational/environmental
exposure risk, provide infor on assisted reproductive therapies (in vitro fert., embryo transfer,
intrafallopian gamete transfer, surrogate partenting, adoption)
Genetic counseling—Identify clts in need of genetic counseling. Exp. Clt has Sickle cell trait, history of
birth defects, <16 yrs and >35 yrs. Provide info on risk of occurrence, assist in construction of
family medical histories of several generations, provide emotional support(denial, anger, grief, guilt,
self blame), make referrals to support groups p13
Prenatal assessments thru—chorionic villus sampling, PUB (percutaneous umbilical blood sampling), and
amniocentesis ---all have potential risks to fetus
Infertility Procedures:
Pelvic Exam—assess for vaginal or uterine anomalies
Hysterosalpinography—radiological check for patency of fallopian tubes, check for iodine and
seafood allergies.
Hysteroscopy—radiographic exam of uterus—defect, distortion, scar tissue
Laparoscopy—gas insufflation—visualize internal organs---general anesthesia used
Semen collection—used first, least invasive, 40% infertility RT men
Contraception Procedures
Vasectomy—infertility after approx. 20 ejaculations (1wk-several months)
Tubal ligation (salpingectomy)—from cutting, burning, or blocking
Hysterectomy—partial (uterus), complete (uterus, bilateral fallopian tubes and ovaries)
Contraception Assessment
BRAIDED—acronym for informed consent
B—benefits--advantages
R—risks--disadvantages
A—alternatives
I—inquires—clt ask questions
D—decisions
E—explanations—give info on selected method
D—documentation (info given U clts understanding)
Types of Contraception:
Abstinence
Adv.—most effective method, only safe sex if no genitalia contact
Disadv./Risks—required self-control, otherwise no risks
Coitus interruptus (withdrawl)—
Inst.—can have leakage of fluids from penis
Adv.—provides a form of Birth Control if no other option is available (?religious,area)
Disadv.—Lease effective method, no protections against STIs
Risks—men have to control ejaculation, fluid leakage from penis could contain sperm
Calendar Method(Rhythm)—based on sperm viable for 2-5 days & ovum for 1 day
Inst—record cycle for 6 months, subtract 18 days from # of days of shortest cycle,
Subtract 11 days from longest cycle. Fertile between these days of cycle.
Adv.—inexpensive, useful when used with other methods (BBT & cervical mucus)
Disadv.—not very reliable, requires record keeping & compliance of both partners
Risks—pregnancy from ovulation outside predicted days of cycle
Basal Body Temperature (BBT)—temp drops with ovulation
Inst.—take oral temp PRIOR to getting OOB each AM
Adv.—inexpensive, convenient, no side effects
Disadv.—inaccurate Temp interpretation (stress, fatigue, illness, alcohol, ambient temp)
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