Biology > STUDY GUIDE > STUDY GUIDE FOR EXAM 3, BIO 302 Fall 2019 (All)

STUDY GUIDE FOR EXAM 3, BIO 302 Fall 2019

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• Do cancer cells do anything (have behaviors) that normal cells cannot ever do? • Do cancer cells have molecular features that normal cells never have? • What are the key differences between ... cancer cells and normal cells? What causes cancer? • What’s a mutation? o Permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA of a gene that can be passed on to daughter cells with cell division. o Can change form and/or function, change structures of proteins, change functions of cell pathways and behaviors, and can change the amount of RNA or protein made. • Name some ways of causing a mutation: o Duplication (gene amplification), deletion, single nucleotide substitution, translocation, inversion of a nucleotide sequence, insertion of a new sequence (viral) Mutation types • What are driver genes? o Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes o either control proliferation (oncogenes) or genes that “fix” mutations and control ability to divide o Oncogenes ▪ PUSH CELL DIVISION IN SOME WAY, the first hallmark between ALL cancers are UNCONTROLLED CELL PROLIFERATION ▪ mutated form of proto-oncogene, which control signals to cells to divide, they “push” growth ▪ Don’t need signal from a growth factor “gain of function” ▪ genes that drive cell division are always “on” or gain function ▪ Only takes a mutation in 1 of 2 alleles for the adherent function to occur, dominant mutation [Show More]

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