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A eukaryotic cell is undergoing DNA replication. In which region of the cell would most of the genetic information be contained? • Mitochondria • Ribosome • Nucleolus • Nucleus Cytoplasm ANS... : C The region of the cell that contains genetic material, including a large amount of ribonucleic acid, most of the DNA, and DNA-binding proteins, is the nucleolus, which is located within the cell’s nucleus. Mitochondria is associated with cellular respiration, while ribosomes are involved with protein manufacturing. Cytoplasm is a fluid filling that is a component of the cell. REF: p. 2 • Which of the following can remove proteins attached to the cell’s bilayer by dissolving the layer itself? • Peripheral membrane proteins • Integral membrane proteins • Glycoproteins • Cell adhesion molecules ANS: B Proteins directly attached to the membrane bilayer can be removed by the action of integral membrane proteins that dissolve the bilayer. Peripheral membrane proteins reside at the surface while cell adhesion molecules are on the outside of the membrane. Glycoprotein marks cells and does not float. REF: p. 7 • Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors? • Oxygen • Ribosomes • Amphipathic lipids • Ligands ANS: D Ligands are the only specific molecules that can bind with receptors on the cell membrane. REF: p. 9 • U S N T O • A nurse is reviewing a report from a patient with metastatic cancer. What alternation in the extracellular matrix would suN ppoR rt th I e dG iagnB o. sisCofMmetastatic cancer? • Decreased fibronectin • Increased collagen • Decreased elastin • Increased glycoproteins ANS: A Only a reduced amount of fibronectin is found in some types of cancerous cells, allowing them to travel or metastasize. REF: p. 10 • Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact? • Cell junction • Gap junction • Desmosome • Tight junction ANS: A Cell junctions hold cells together and permit molecules to pass from cell to cell. Gap junctions allow for cellular communication between cells. Neither desmosomes nor tight junctions are associated with cellular communication. REF: p. 11 • Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring alpha cells. This action is an example of which of the following signaling types? • Paracrine • Autocrine • Neurohormonal • Hormonal ANS: A Paracrine signaling involves the release of local chemical mediators that are quickly taken up, destroyed, or immobilized, as in the case of insulin and the inhibition of the secretion of glucagon. None of the other options involve signaling that is associated with a local chemical mediator like insulin. [Show More]

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