Organizational behavior Final Exam | Updated Fall 2024/2025.

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"Buying off" the leaders of a resistance group by giving them a key role and seeking their advice not to find a better solution but to get their endorsement is an example of ________. coercion dis... tributive bargaining procedural fairness cooptation operant conditioning Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 2 360.org, an organization working toward curbing climate change, recently conducted an interview with Jessica for the position of a public relations officer. However, interviewers Brenda and Laura are divided over whether Jessica should be given the job. Brenda believes that Jessica does not have in-depth knowledge about the issue of global warming and its impact. On the other hand, Laura feels that Jessica would be perfect for the job because she has strong networking and interpersonal skills. Which of the following, if true, would strengthen Laura's argument? Jessica has weak analytical skills to solve problems associated with implementing options of renewable energy. Gaining the support of corporate giants would comprise a large part of the job. Jessica had negligible experience in research and development. The role will require Jessica to give presentations to environmental experts on renewable modes of energy. Jessica will need to prepare extensive reports about the issue of climate change. Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 3 360.org, an organization working toward curbing climate change, recently conducted an interview with Jessica for the position of a public relations officer. However, interviewers Brenda and Laura are divided over whether Jessica should be given the job. Brenda believes that Jessica does not have in-depth knowledge about the issue of global warming and its impact. On the other hand, Laura feels that Jessica would be perfect for the job because she has strong interpersonal skills. Which of the following, if true, would weaken Laura's argument? Jessica was very friendly and courteous with the receptionist while greeting her. Jessica was high on confidence about getting the job because of her strong networking skills. Jessica listened intently to the interviewers' questions before answering them. Jessica was unable to communicate clearly why she was right for the job. Jessica was unable to fare well in the written test which analyzed her conceptual skills. Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 4 A ________ is characterized by a low degree of departmentalization, wide spans of control, authority centralized in a single person, and little formalization. bureaucracy hierarchical organization simple structure networked organizational structure matrix organization Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 5 A ________ is consistent with recent efforts by companies to reduce costs, cut overhead, speed up decision making, increase flexibility, get closer to customers, and empower employees. longer chain of command high degree of centralization lack of work specialization high degree of formalization wider span of control Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 6 A ________ organization is a small, core organization that outsources major business functions. formalized virtual centralized matrix bureaucratic Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 7 A ________ pay plan pays for individual performance based on performance appraisal ratings. employee stock ownership merit-based profit-sharing piece-rate gainsharing Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 8 A ________ plan distributes compensation based on some established formula designed around revenue of the company. skill-based profit-sharing merit-based piece-rate competency-based Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 9 A boundaryless organization is most likely to ________. discourage participative decision-making practices avoid using cross-hierarchical teams use 360-degree performance appraisals encourage hierarchical structure replace empowered teams with departments Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 10 A boundaryless organization strives to ________. centralize power within the organization reduce bureaucracy costs associated with managing the projects in the organization create a higher level of formalization in the organization outsource projects to a competent third party break down barriers between the company, its customers, and suppliers Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 11 A collectivist Chinese manager is most likely to use which of the following techniques for conflict management? pressurizing avoiding competing tactics authoritative command direct confrontation Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 12 A common characteristic of service jobs is that they ________. require very little job knowledge compared to other jobs provide more perks and benefits to employees need substantial interaction with an organization's customers have fewer working hours than other jobs offer much higher pay in comparison with other non-service jobs Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 13 A conflict-intensity continuum has "annihilatory conflict" at the upper end and "no conflict" at the lower end. In the context of this conflict-intensity continuum, which of the following statements is true of conflict intensities? Aggressive physical attacks fall in the lower range of the conflict-intensity continuum. In cases of annihilatory conflict, there is overt questioning or challenging of others. Conflicts that reach the lower ranges of the conflict-intensity continuum are almost always dysfunctional. Functional conflicts are typically confined to the lower range of the conflict-intensity continuum. Strikes, riots, and wars fall in the lower range of the conflict-intensity continuum. Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 14 A culture that expresses the core values that are shared by a majority of the organization's members is known as a(n) ________ culture. unique primary dominant essential fundamental Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 15 A difference in ________ would indicate deep-level diversity. values age disability gender ethnicity Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 16 A group decision-making method in which individual members meet face-to-face to pool their judgments in a systematic but independent fashion is the ________ technique. brainstorming ingroup reference groups nominal groups interacting groups Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 17 A high Mach would be most productive in which of the following positions? a manager who leads team members in different geographic locations a sales person whose major part of the salary consists of sales commission a freelance researcher whose work is free from interpersonal communication a legal liaison who works from home and coordinates with people through the phone an executive who has to follow stringent rules while closing a sale Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 18 A local government work crew cleans up parks and other public spaces. In this crew, the dirtiest jobs are generally given to the newest members, while the more senior members of the crew tend to do little except draw their pay. Which of the following classes of norms encompasses arrangements like this? performance norms appearance norms leisure norms reference norms resource allocation norms Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 19 A long-term strategy for attaining a goal by linking the present with a better future for the organization is defined as a(n) ________. contingent plan transaction substitution vision attribution Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 20 A manager believes that he should not hire older workers because they can't learn new skills. This belief is an example of ________. an anchoring bias stereotyping a self-serving bias a confirmation bias a fundamental attribution error Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 21 A manager doing performance appraisals gives more weight to recent employee behaviors than to behaviors of 6 or 9 months earlier. This shows that the manager's perception is affected by a(n) ________ bias. impact self-serving bias availability distinction hindsight Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 22 A market researcher who uses his ability to identify a logical sequence to predict demand for a new line of winter clothing is using the ________ dimension of intellectual ability. lateral masking inductive reasoning spatial visualization verbal comprehension deductive reasoning Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 23 A narrow span of control ________. simplifies vertical communication encourages employee autonomy discourages overly tight supervision increases the speed of decision making is expensive because it adds levels of management Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 24 A paper sales company designs and offers a new method of purchasing and shipping commercial quantities of paper through its Web site. The company used to do its business through its sales representative. This is an example of a(n) ________ change. integrated secondary planned cognitive accidental Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 25 A party who seeks to appease an opponent may be willing to place the opponent's interests above his or her own, sacrificing to maintain the relationship. We refer to this conflict-handling intention as ________. compromising accommodating avoiding competing collaborating Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 26 A person who is made fun of because he is an Arab-American is being subjected to ________, a kind of discrimination in work environments. cyberstalking vandalism mockery monomania gaslighting Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 27 A plant manager organizes a plant by separating engineering, accounting, manufacturing, personnel, and purchasing into departments. The plant is departmentalized on the basis of ________. target customer product service geography function Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 28 A positive organizational culture emphasizes ________. individual vitality and growth organizational standardization and institutionalization the significance of highly centralized management the use of rituals in transmitting organizational culture the use of negative reinforcement and punishment Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 29 A prerequisite condition for job rotation is the ________. presence of employee involvement programs presence of high need for affiliation among workers presence of employees with similar skill sets and requirements presence of high level of autonomy among workers presence of alternative work arrangements for employees to avail Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 30 A process of making decisions by constructing simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity is known as ________. active selection bounded rationality optimal decision making intuitive decision making incremental decision making Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 31 A relatively superficial consideration of evidence and information making use of heuristics is defined as ________. parallel processing automatic processing controlled processing serial processing depth processing Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 32 A research group in Arizona recently conducted a survey among workers of a coal power plant to understand emotions and their happiness quotient. Employees at the plant often complained about poor working conditions and low insurance benefits. However, the group was surprised with the findings of the survey because employees had a positive mood 70 percent of the time during work hours. Which of the following concepts would best explain such findings? anchoring bias positivity offset butterfly effect distinction bias framing effect Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 33 A satisfied workforce does not guarantee successful organizational performance. In order to improve organizational effectiveness, managers ________. must make jobs easier and targets achievable must use 360-degrees appraisal procedures must provide classroom training must try to improve employee attitudes must offer periodic salary increments Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 34 A situation in which an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work is known as ________. cognitive deviance emotional liability self-concordance negative affect emotional labor Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 35 A software development firm has witnessed substantial growth and seeks to expand and reorganize its structure to meet the demands from clients in a better manner. HR has been given a clear directive that one of the major criteria for selection of recruits would be the candidate's ability to function as a team player. This is because the company is revamping all its major functions from the traditional departmental model to an arrangement of flexible teams. Joe Sanchez, one of the firm's oldest and most experienced employees, has demonstrated considerable ability in developing the best programs, but he prefers to work alone. The company does not wish to lose resources like Sanchez and others who lack the ability to work in groups, but teamwork is essential to its reorganization. Which of the following strategies will help rectify this problem? encouraging employees like Joe to work more independently applying merit-based compensation systems instead of gainsharing increasing the size of teams so the contribution of people like Joe will not affect team performance overall informing all employees that ability to work in teams will be a major determinant for promotions and bonuses encouraging the formation of more diverse teams Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 36 A strong culture can act as a substitute for which of the following? social support socialization institutionalization formalization centralization Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 37 A strong culture should reduce employee turnover because it results in ________. a highly centralized organization an outcome-oriented organization a highly formalized organization narrow spans of control cohesiveness and organizational commitment Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 38 A team consists of employees from the same department who meet for a few hours each week to discuss ways of improving the work environment but they do not have the authority to unilaterally implement any of their suggestions. This is most likely to be a(n) ________ team. self-managed work independent cross-functional problem-solving virtual Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 39 A team that has a good plan but is also willing to adjust its master plan and adapt when conditions call for it demonstrates high ________, an important variable in successful team processes. goal congruency conformity diversity reflexivity goal specificity Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 40 A transactional leader is likely to ________. stimulate others in the organization to become thinkers of what the organization is all about pay attention to the emotional needs of others and consider individual differences avoid authoritarian, command, and control behaviors when dealing with employees help followers trust the leader and develop a loyalty toward the common vision reward employees for the work that they have done, thus recognizing accomplishments Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 41 A virtual organization is also known as a(n) ________ organization. pyramidal modular boundaryless electronic triangular Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 42 A work team is characterized by ________. the mere accumulation of individual efforts the individual accountability for outcomes and results the availability of complementary skills among members the goal of sharing information the presence of neutral to negative synergy Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 43 A(n) ________ is a neutral third party who facilitates a negotiated solution by using reasoning, persuasion, and suggestions for alternatives. executor agent mediator consultant plaintiff Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 44 A(n) ________ is a senior employee who sponsors and supports a less-experienced employee, a protégé. apprentice intern subordinate mentor supervisee Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 45 A(n) ________ is a website about a single person or company. social networking site instant messaging portal file transfer protocol blog e-mail account Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 46 A(n) ________ is an abstraction of reality, a simplified representation of some real-world phenomenon. model objective input outcome process Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 47 A(n) ________ is any consequence immediately following a response that increases the probability that the behavior will be repeated. referent conclusion objective reinforcer goal Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 48 A(n) ________ model is a structure that is flat, uses cross-hierarchical and cross-functional teams, has low formalization, possesses a comprehensive information network, and relies on participative decision making. network boundaryless organic pyramidal mechanistic Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 49 A(n) ________ model is generally synonymous with the bureaucracy in that it has highly standardized processes for work, high formalization, and more managerial hierarchy. boundaryless network pyramidal organic mechanistic Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 50 A(n) ________ organization is an organization that takes on a life of its own, apart from its founders or members; it is valued for itself and not for the goods or services it produces. virtual boundaryless centralized matrix institutionalized Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 51 A(n) ________ refers to a discrepancy between the current state of affairs and some desired state. perception intuition problem decision instinct Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 52 A(n) ________ resistance to change clouds the link between the change and the reaction to it and may surface weeks, months, or even years later. explicit deferred immediate overt active Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 53 A(n) ________ strategy emphasizes the introduction of major new products and services. innovation organic imitation mechanistic cost-minimization Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 54 Aaron Dias was working on the last shift for the day at All Needs, a retail store owned by an Asian man, when he opened the cash register and stole some money thinking that nobody would witness him stealing. However, one of the customers watched him steal the money and reported it to the manager the next day, and Aaron was terminated. Subsequently, the manager became extremely strict with all his Caucasian employees and was often heard abusing them by saying, "You guys are all the same." This scenario depicts ________. contrast bias social exchange ingroup favoritism social loafing groupthink Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 55 Abigail Jones is a sales executive at Orbit Bank in Brussels. She is the best performer on her team and often gets the highest number of corporate accounts for the company. However, she feels that she does not get sufficient credit for her hard work. During lunch, she says to her colleague, "I have been getting the largest accounts for the bank for the past eight months. Yet, my manager never acknowledges the kind of effort I put in to get these accounts." Which component of attitude is being demonstrated by Jones? reflective component affective component positive component behavioral component cognitive component Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 56 According to Albert Bandura, the most important source of increasing self-efficacy is ________. cognitive learning verbal persuasion enactive mastery vicarious modeling arousal Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 57 According to Douglas McGregor's Theory Y, a manager assumes that employees ________. need to be micromanaged learn to accept responsibility attempt to avoid work prefer to be controlled need to be directed Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 58 According to Fred Luthans and his associates' study of 450 managers, ________ made the largest contribution to the success of managers in terms of speed of promotion within their organization. planning decision making controlling staffing networking Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 59 According to Fred Luthans and his associates, managers involved in traditional management activities undertook which of the following tasks? socializing motivating training politicking decision making Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 60 According to Fred Luthans and his associates, managers who are involved in networking activities are most likely to undertake which of the following? controlling staffing politicking planning decision making Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 61 According to Gordon Allport, ________ is defined as the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine a person's unique adjustments to his/her environment. descent heredity cognitive dissonance personality genealogy Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 62 According to Henry Mintzberg, a factory supervisor giving a group of high school students a tour of the plant may be termed as a ________. negotiator resource allocator disturbance handler leader figurehead Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 63 According to Herzberg, when ________ are adequate, people won't be dissatisfied, but they will also not be satisfied. affiliation needs achievement needs power needs hygiene factors motivational factors Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 64 According to Hofstede's framework, ________ indicates the degree to which people in a country prefer structured over unstructured situations. collectivism long-term orientation individualism uncertainty avoidance power distance Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 65 According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following is a lower-order need? safety esteem recognition self-actualization social Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 66 According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, a(n) ________ searches the organization and its environment for opportunities and initiates projects to bring about change. spokesperson entrepreneur disturbance handler negotiator resource allocator Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 67 According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, the role of a(n) ________ is to transmit information received from outsiders or from other employees to members of the organization. spokesperson entrepreneur resource allocator leader disseminator Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 68 According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, the role of a(n) ________ is to make or approve significant organizational decisions and assign human, physical, and monetary assets. disseminator entrepreneur disturbance handlers liaison resource allocator Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 69 According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, which of the following is a kind of interpersonal role? monitor spokesperson liaison disseminator entrepreneur Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 70 According to Mintzberg's classification of managerial roles, which of the following is a kind of decisional role? disseminator spokesperson liaison negotiator monitor Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 71 According to a 2011 survey, many workers in Qtopia Inc. are dissatisfied with their jobs. The survey revealed that most of the dissatisfied workers believe that they have very little control over their job assignments. Therefore, to increase workers' job satisfaction, Boris, a production manager, feels they need to only concentrate on changing the dissatisfied workers' beliefs regarding the degree of control they have over their job assignments. Which of the following, if true, would weaken the conclusion made by Boris? The workers in Qtopia Inc. are more dissatisfied than workers in other companies. The 2008 edition of a popular magazine included Qtopia Inc. on its list of 100 best companies to work for. The workers in the company who are satisfied with their jobs believe that they have sufficient control over their job assignments. Many dissatisfied workers feel that their wages are too low and working conditions are unsatisfactory. The number of workers in Qtopia Inc. who are satisfied with their jobs is greater than the number of workers who are dissatisfied. Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 72 According to a newly added office smoking regulation, only employees who have an enclosed office may smoke at their desks. This leads to a major conflict between various employees as virtually all employees with enclosed offices are higher-level managers and all other employees lack enclosed offices. Therefore, the lower-level employees who smoke argue that they should be offered enclosed offices. Which of the following, if true, strengthens the employees' argument? The company has a limited budget for infrastructure modifications. Employees at the higher level, who do not smoke, do not have enclosed offices. The company is a zealous supporter of the "Kick the Butt" campaign-a corporate anti-smoking campaign. Higher-level managers, who have enclosed offices, are willing to share their offices with-lower level employees. The smoking regulations allow all employees who smoke an equal opportunity to do so, regardless of an employee's job level. Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 73 According to evidence, what is the first step a charismatic leader takes to influence followers? developing a formal vision statement engaging in emotion-inducing and often unconventional behavior setting an example for followers through actions and words articulating an appealing vision communicating high performance expectations Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 74 According to goal-setting theory, goals are more likely to have a stronger impact on performance when ________. goals are easy rather than difficult tasks are novel rather than well learned tasks are complex rather than simple goals have long time frames for completion tasks are independent rather than interdependent Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 75 According to social learning theory, which of the following processes demonstrates whether an individual is capable of performing the modeled activities? reinforcement process attentional process motivation process motor reproduction process retention process Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 76 According to status characteristics theory, which of the following factors does not determine status? contribution to goals control over the resources needed by the group personality talent ability to conform to group norms Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 77 According to the Big Five model, a highly conscientious person is most likely to be ________. reserved, timid, and quiet distracted, disorganized, and unreliable calm, self-confident, and secure cold, disagreeable, and antagonistic responsible, organized, and dependable Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 78 According to the Big Five model, a person who scores ________ is easily distracted, disorganized, and unreliable. high on agreeableness low on emotional stability high on extraversion low on openness to experience low on conscientiousness Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 79 According to the Big Five model, the ________ dimension addresses a range of interests and fascination with novelty. conscientiousness emotional stability agreeableness openness to experience extraversion Question Points: 0.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 80 According to the Fiedler contingency model, high managerial control is characterized by ________. high task structure, good leader-member relations, and strong position power less structured jobs, strong position power, and moderate leader-member relations good leader-member relations, low position power, unstructured jobs limited position power, good leader-member relations, and low task structure broad employee responsibilities, low position power, and moderate leader-member relations Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 81 According to the LMX theory, a leader implicitly categorizes followers as "in" or "out" ________. on a temporary basis after careful performance analysis only after several months of working together early in the interaction because of political pressure Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 82 According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, introverted-intuitive-thinking-judging type of people are ________. executors methodists organizers visionaries conceptualizers Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 83 According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the ________ type are practical and prefer routine and order and focus on details. perceiving sensing intuitive extraverted feeling Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 84 According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the ________ type are flexible and spontaneous. introverted perceiving thinking sensing judging Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 85 According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people belonging to the judging type ________. prefer their world to be ordered rely on personal values and emotions are quiet, shy and introverted are flexible and spontaneous rely on unconscious processes Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 86 According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) classification, people with an ENTP personality type are most likely to be ________. stubborn illogical intuitive innovative skeptical Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 87 According to the Rokeach Value Survey, ________ values refer to desirable end-states. terminal flexible instrumental essential critical Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 88 According to the Rokeach Value Survey, ________ values refer to preferable modes of behavior. instrumental terminal critical essential flexible Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 89 According to the ________ view of conflict, conflict can be a positive force in a group and some conflict is absolutely necessary for a group to perform effectively. resolution focused transactional traditional managed interactionist Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 90 According to the attribution theory of leadership, a person aiming to be a leader has to ________. shape the perception that he or she could be a leader make changes on ground before leading people gain sufficient experience to be a leader possess many significant actual accomplishments possess qualities like charisma and intelligence Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 91 According to the attribution theory of leadership, leadership is characterized by ________. the significant gains made in the mentoring relationship between the leader and follower the impact of substitutes and neutralizers in enhancing the role of the leader the focus on the actual accomplishments and performance of the leader the act of people ascribing qualities like intelligence or charisma to leaders the division of the group into ingroup and out-group members based on the leader's preference Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 92 According to the attribution theory, ________ is one the three main factors which attempt to determine an individual's behavior. distinctiveness perverseness resilience flexibleness timorousness Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 93 According to the attribution theory, if a behavior scores ________, we tend to attribute it to external causes. low on consensus low on adaptability low on consistency high on stability low on distinctiveness Question Points: 0.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 94 According to the attribution theory, if a behavior scores ________, we tend to attribute it to internal causes. high on consensus low on consistency low on conformity high on rigidity low on distinctiveness Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 95 According to the attribution theory, if everyone who faces a similar situation responds in the same way, we can say the behavior shows ________. consensus tractability distinctiveness consistency manageability Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 96 According to the attribution theory, which of the following behaviors is most likely to be attributed to an external cause? a behavior that scores low on distinctiveness a behavior that scores high on rigidity a behavior that scores high on consensus a behavior that scores high on consistency a behavior that scores low on traceability Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 97 According to the concept of ________, decisions are made solely on the basis of their outcomes, ideally to provide the greatest good for the greatest number. self-fulfilling prophecy utilitarianism halo effect selective perception contrast effect Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 98 According to the concept of organizational demography, if team members have dissimilar experiences, it will lead to ________. higher team efficacy higher employee turnover higher employee motivation decreased level of conflicts increased employee satisfaction Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 99 According to the equity theory, there are four referent comparisons. The referent comparison known as other-inside refers to ________. an employee's experiences in a different position outside the employee's current organization another individual or group of individuals inside the employee's organization another individual or group of individuals outside the employee's organization an employee's experiences in a different position inside the employee's current organization an employee's experiences in a similar position outside the employee's current organization Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 100 According to the expectancy theory, the performance-reward relationship is the degree to which ________. the individual believes performing at a particular level will lead to desired outcomes the individual believes that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to performance organizational rewards are perceived as attractive by the individual organizational rewards satisfy an individual's personal goals or needs organization rewards correspond with the individual's level of effort Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 101 According to the interactionist view, ________ conflicts support the goals of the group and improve its performance. informal functional reactive formal evaluative Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 102 According to the interactionist's perspective, a group that functions without conflict is ________. living up to behavioral standards a rare phenomenon the most productive most likely to be responsive to the need for change and innovation prone to becoming static and apathetic Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 103 According to the job characteristics model, ________ indicates the degree to which carrying out work activities generates direct and clear information about your own performance. task identity feedback autonomy task significance skill variety Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 104 According to the job characteristics model, autonomy is defined as the degree to which ________. a job requires a variety of different activities a job has an impact on the lives or work of other people a job generates direct and clear information about performance a job provides the worker freedom, independence, and discretion a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work Question Points: 0.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 105 According to the job characteristics model, task significance is the degree to which ________. a job requires a variety of different activities a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work a job provides the worker freedom in scheduling work and determining its procedure a job generates direct and clear information about performance a job bears an impact on the lives or work of other people Question Points: 0.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 106 According to the principle of unity of command, ________. managers should limit their oversight to a maximum of 12 employees managers should oversee 1-4 employees on average employees should report directly to two supervisors to maintain task balance an organization should be departmentalized on the basis of functions an individual should be directly responsible to only one supervisor Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 107 According to the situational leadership theory, a follower with the desired ability and willingness is likely to be ________. in need of leadership that is highly task oriented lacking in the area of motivation highly skilled in relevant areas but low on experience deficient in the specific skills required comfortable in his ability to do the job well Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 108 According to the situational leadership theory, if employees are unwilling and unable, the appropriate leadership style in this situation would be ________. democratic directive supportive person-oriented participative Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 109 According to the situational leadership theory, if followers are unable and willing to do a task, then a leader needs to ________. refrain from providing too many inputs engage in participative leadership display high task and relationship orientation follow a supportive style demonstrate high task and low relationship orientation Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: ________________________________________ 110 According to the team effectiveness model, which of the following is a process variable that influences effectiveness of a team? member flexibility team efficacy abilities of members performance evaluation and reward systems leadership and structure Question Points: 1.0 / 1.0 Instructor Feedback: [Show More]

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