PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (NURS231) FINAL EXAM PREP 2025-2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS

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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY (NURS231) FINAL EXAM PREP 2025-2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS Under what circumstances do cells in the kidneys secrete renin? 1. Serum osmotic pressure increases. 2. Serum potassium lev ... els are high 3. The urine pH decreases. 4. Blood flow in the afferent arteriole decreases. 4. blood flow in the afferent arteriole decreases At change-of-shift report, the nurse learns the medical diagnoses for four patients. Which patient should the nurse assess MOST carefully for development of hyponatremia? Select one: 1. Vomiting all day and not replacing any fluid 2. Tumor that secretes excessive antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 3. Tumor that secretes excessive aldosterone 4. Tumor that destroyed the posterior pituitary gland 2. tumour that secretes excessive antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Compensation mechanisms in the body for dehydration would include: Select one: 1. Increased antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 2. Decreased aldosterone. 3. Slow, strong heart contraction 4. Peripheral vasodilation. 1. increased antidiuretic hormone Which of the following would result from a deficit of plasma proteins? Select one: 1. Increased osmotic pressure 2. Increased hydrostatic pressure 3. Decreased osmotic pressure 4. Decreased hydrostatic pressure 3. decreased osmotic pressure Which substance directly controls the reabsorption of water from the collecting ducts? Select one: 1. Renin 2. Aldosterone 3. Angiotensin 4. Antidiuretic hormone 4. antidiuretic hormone When a patient is receiving diuretic therapy, what best reflects the patient's fluid volume status? Select one: 1. Blood pressure and pulse 2. Intake, output, and daily weight 3. Abdominal girth and calf circumference 4. Serum potassium and sodium levels 2. Intake, Output and Daily Weight When is the best time for a patient to receive antidiuretics to reduce the amount of disruption of their daily routine? In the morning Fatigue is characterized by what 3 things? 1. perception of generalized weakness 2. mental fatigue 3. decreased ability to complete activities Fatigue is classified as a health problem if it persists for... a. 1+ week b. 2+ weeks c. 3+ weeks d. one month+ b. 2 weeks There are 3 kinds of fatigue classifications. What are they? 1. Unknown etiology 2. Physiological (due to an imbalance in sleep, nutrition and activity) 3. Secondary (due to an underlying health condition) Fatigue is classified as chronic if it persists for... 6+ months What are some physiological causes of fatigue (not related to health conditions, but physiological processes themselves) 1. buildup of metabolic waste/waste products in the body 2. inflammatory process 3. an insufficient supply of nutrients needed for functioning Which fatigue is resistant to treatment: temporary or chronic? Chronic What populations are at the highest risk for fatigue? Women, older adults, and middle-aged adults 2/3 of all chronic fatigue is related to which of the following (choose all that apply): a. seasonal affective disorder b. an underlying medical/psychiatric disorder c. medication side effects d. isolation/loneliness b. 2/3 of all chronic fatigue is related to either the side effects of medications or an underlying diagnosis (secondary fatigue) What are interventions for a nursing assessment related to a patient complaining of fatigue? - PQRSTU [Show More]

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